The fate of the B ball

Abstract

The gauge-mediated SUSY-breaking (GMSB) model needs entropy production at a relatively low temperature in the thermal history of the Universe for the unwanted relics to be diluted. This requires a mechanism for the baryogenesis after the entropy production, and the Affleck and Dine (AD) mechanism is a promising candidate for it. The AD baryogenesis in the GMSB model predicts the existence of the baryonic Q ball, that is the B ball, and this may work as the dark matter in the Universe. In this article, we discuss the stability of the B ball in th presence of baryon-number violating interactions. We find that the evaporation rate increases monotonically with the B-ball charge because the large field value inside the B ball enhances the effect of the baryon-number-violating operators. While there are some difficulties to evaluate the evaporation rate of the B ball, we derive the evaporation time (lifetime) of the B ball for the mass-to-charge ratio $ω_0\gsim 100 \MEV$. The lifetime of the B ball and the distortion of the cosmic ray positron flux and the cosmic background radiation from the B ball evaporation give constraints on the baryon number of the B ball and the interaction, if the B ball is the dark matter. We also discuss some unresolved properties of the B ball.

27 pages incl 8 figs, LaTeX

Cited by in corpus (14)

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• Q ball Decay Rates into Gravitinos and Quarks
• Lepton Asymmetric Universe
• Revisiting the gravitino dark matter and baryon asymmetry from Q-ball decay in gauge mediation
• Baryogenesis from the Gauge-mediation type Q ball and the New type of Q ball as dark matter
• Affleck-Dine Baryogenesis and Dark Matter Production after High-scale Inflation
• IceCube potential for detecting Q-ball dark matter in gauge mediation
• Enhancement of second-order gravitational waves at Q-ball decay
• Non-topological solitons and quasi-solitons
• Charged Q-ball Dark Matter from $B$ and $L$ direction
• New-Type Charged Q-ball Dark Matter in Gauge Mediated SUSY Breaking Models
• Q-ball dark matter and baryogenesis in high-scale inflation
• Revisiting Q-ball Interactions with Matters
• Charge distribution of the gauge-mediation type Q ball