The Third Catalog of Active Galactic Nuclei Detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope

Abstract

The third catalog of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) detected by the Fermi-LAT (3LAC) is presented. It is based on the third Fermi-LAT catalog (3FGL) of sources detected between 100 MeV and 300 GeV with a Test Statistic (TS) greater than 25, between 2008 August 4 and 2012 July 31. The 3LAC includes 1591 AGNs located at high Galactic latitudes (|b|>10°), a 71% increase over the second catalog based on 2 years of data. There are 28 duplicate associations, thus 1563 of the 2192 high-latitude gamma-ray sources of the 3FGL catalog are AGNs. Most of them (98%) are blazars. About half of the newly detected blazars are of unknown type, i.e., they lack spectroscopic information of sufficient quality to determine the strength of their emission lines. Based on their gamma-ray spectral properties, these sources are evenly split between flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and BL~Lacs. The most abundant detected BL~Lacs are of the high-synchrotron-peaked (HSP) type. About 50% of the BL~Lacs have no measured redshifts. A few new rare outliers (HSP-FSRQs and high-luminosity HSP BL~Lacs) are reported. The general properties of the 3LAC sample confirm previous findings from earlier catalogs. The fraction of 3LAC blazars in the total population of blazars listed in BZCAT remains non-negligible even at the faint ends of the BZCAT-blazar radio, optical and X-ray flux distributions, which is a clue that even the faintest known blazars could eventually shine in gamma rays at LAT-detection levels. The energy-flux distributions of the different blazar populations are in good agreement with extrapolation from earlier catalogs.

arXiv commentAccepted by ApJ. Updated to published version

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• Evaluating Optical Classification for {\em Fermi} Blazar Candidates with a Statistical method using Broadband Spectral Indices
• PeV-EeV neutrinos from gamma-ray blazars due to ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray propagation
• Temporal and spectral study of PKS 0208-512 during the 2019-2020 flare
• On the origin of GeV spectral break for Fermi blazars: 3C 454.3
• Redshift prediction of Fermi-LAT gamma-ray sources using CatBoost gradient boosting decision trees
• Radio Galaxies with the Cherenkov Telescope Array
• Classification of blazar candidates of unknown type in Fermi 4LAC by unanimous voting from multiple Machine Learning Algorithms
• The MHz-peaked radio spectrum of the unusual gamma-ray source PMN J1603-4904
• Flat spectrum radio quasars and BL Lacs dominate the anisotropy of the unresolved gamma-ray background
• Normalization of the extragalactic background light from high-energy gamma-ray observations
• Application of the MST clustering to the high energy gamma-ray sky. III - New detections of gamma-ray emission from blazars
• Classification of the \emph{Fermi}-LAT Blazar Candidates of Uncertain type using eXtreme Gradient Boosting
• Simultaneous spectra and radio properties of BL Lac's
• The Fermi-LAT view of the changing-look blazar OQ 334
• Powerful extragalactic jets dissipate their kinetic energy far from the central black hole
• Studying the SGR 1806-20/Cl* 1806-20 region using the \emph{Fermi} Large Area Telescope
• Radio Properties of the $\gamma$-ray Emitting CSO Candidate 2234+282
• Multiband Observations of the Quasar PKS 2326-502 during Active and Quiescent Gamma-Ray States in 2010-2012
• A New Multi-Wavelength Census of Blazars
• Gamma-Rays from Non-Blazar AGN
• Faint $\gamma$-ray sources at low-redshift: the radio galaxy IC 1531
• Radio and X-ray properties of the source G29.37+0.1 linked to HESS J1844-030
• Multi-Frequency Study of Spectral Indices of BL Lacertae Objects and Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars
• NuSTAR observations of the unidentified INTEGRAL sources: constraints on the Galactic population of HMXBs
• GeV $\gamma$-ray Emission of Compact Steep-Spectrum Source 4C +39.23B
• Variability and Spectral Behavior of Gamma-ray Flares of 3C 279
• Model-independent Redshift Estimation of BL Lac Objects through VHE Observations
• VERITAS discovery of very high energy gamma-ray emission from S3 1227+25 and multiwavelength observations
• Hard X-ray properties of radio-selected blazars
• From the Fermi blazar sequence to the relation between Fermi blazars and gamma-ray Narrow-line Seyfert 1 Galaxies
• Searches for correlation between UHECR events and high-energy gamma-ray Fermi-LAT data
• Fermi/LAT detection of a transient gamma-ray flare in the vicinity of the binary star DG CVn
• Investigation of the WR 11 field at decimeter wavelengths
• The observability of plasmoid-powered $\gamma$-ray flares with the Fermi Large Area Telescope
• Radio VLBA polarization and multi-band monitoring of the high-redshift quasar S5 0836+710 during a high activity period
• First detection of VHE gamma-ray emission from TXS~1515--273, study of its X-ray variability and spectral energy distribution
• The Fermi-LAT view of young radio sources
• Highly Variable $\gamma$-Ray Emission of CTD 135 and Implications for its Compact Symmetric Structure
• Radio Core-Dominance of Fermi-Blazars: Implication for Blazar Unification
• Identifying the 3FHL Catalog. VI. Swift Observations of 3FHL Unassociated Objects with Source Classification via Machine Learning
• Relativistic plasmas in AGN jets - From synchrotron radiation to $\gamma$-ray emission
• A blazar as the likely counterpart to 4FGL J0647.7-4418 instead of a gamma-ray binary
• On the intrinsic shape of gamma-ray spectrum for Fermi blazars
• NuSTAR Observations and multi-wavelength modeling of the high-redshift BL Lac Object 4FGL J2146.5-1344
• Classifying blazar candidates from the 3FGL unassociated catalog into BL Lacs and FSRQs using Swift and WISE data
• ALMA Band 3 polarimetric follow-up of a complete sample of faint PACO sources
• Radio spectral properties of cores and extended regions in blazars in the MHz regime
• Flux and spectral variability of Mrk 421 during its moderate activity state using NuSTAR: Possible accretion disc contribution?
• A Systematic Search for Reddest Far-infrared and Sub-millimeter Galaxies: revealing dust-embedded starbursts at high redshifts
• Gamma-ray-emitting quasar 0202$+$149: a CSS revisited
• On the connection of radio and $\gamma$-ray emission in blazars
• Medium-band observation of the neutrino emitting blazar, TXS 0506+056
• Cherenkov telescope array extragalactic survey discovery potential and the impact of axion-like particles and secondary gamma rays
• Identifying the 3FHL Catalog. IV. Swift Observations of Unassociated Fermi-LAT 3FHL Sources
• Investigating source confusion in PMN J1603$-$4904
• The Ratio of the Core to the Extended Emissions in the Comoving Frame for Blazars
• Observing the inner parsec-scale region of candidate neutrino-emitting blazars
• Location and origin of gamma-rays in blazars
• Emergence of a new HI 21-cm absorption component at z~1.1726 towards the gamma-ray blazar PKS~2355-106
• A multiwavelength study of the flat spectrum radio-quasar NVSS J141922-083830 covering four flaring episodes
• Constraints on Physical Conditions for the Acceleration on Ultra-high-energy Cosmic Rays in Nearby Active Galactic Nuclei Observed with the Fermi Large Area Telescope
• A relativistic orbit model for temporal properties of AGN
• Evaluation of the performance of a CdZnTe-based soft $\gamma$-ray detector for CubeSat payloads
• Identification of Candidate Millisecond Pulsars from Fermi LAT Observations
• XMM-NuSTAR Observation and Multiwavelength SED Modeling of Blazar 4FGL J1520.8-0348
• Property Studies of "Loner" Flares of Gamma-Ray Blazars
• AGILESim: Monte Carlo simulation of the AGILE gamma-ray telescope
• Awakening of two $\gamma$-ray high redshift flat-spectrum radio quasars in the southern hemisphere
• An XMM-Newton catalogue of BL Lacs
• Jet physics of accreting super-massive black holes in the era of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
• Central Engine and Spectral Energy Distribution Properties of High Redshift Gamma Ray Blazars
• Study of the Cosmic Rays and Interstellar Medium in Local HI Clouds using Fermi-LAT Gamma-Ray Observations
• Identification of Candidate Millisecond Pulsars from Fermi LAT Observations II
• An empirical "high-confidence" candidate zone for $Fermi$ BL Lacertae objects
• On the Unified View of Extragalactic Sources based on their Broadband Emission Properties
• Complex Structure of the Eastern Lobe of the Pictor A Radio Galaxy: Spectral Analysis and X-ray/Radio Correlations
• The H.E.S.S. extragalactic sky survey with the first decade of observations
• Source Count Distribution of Fermi LAT Gamma-Ray Blazars Using Novel Nonparametric Methods
• Radio and mid-infrared properties of the blazar J1419$-$0838
• Disentangling the nature of the prototype radio weak BL Lac: Contemporaneous multifrequency observations of WISE J141046.00 + 740511.2
• Is 4C+29.48 a gamma-ray source?
• On estimators of the jet bolometric luminosity of Fermi 2LAC blazars
• Multi-wavelength observations of the Blazar 4C +28.07
• Properties and Possible Physical Origins of $\gamma$-ray Emission in Extreme Synchrotron Blazars
• Study of Intra-Day Flux Distributions of Blazars Using XMM-Newton Satellite
• Constraints on axionlike particles from 16.5 years of Fermi-LAT data and prospects for VLAST
• Investigating possible unification of Seyfert galaxies and blazars in Fermi-LAT sample
• The core dominance parameter and \emph{Fermi} detection of extragalactic radio sources
• The correlations of multi-wave band luminosity and BLR luminosity in Fermi 2LAC blazars
• Classification of a New X-ray Catalog of Likely Counterparts to 4FGL-DR4 Unassociated Gamma-ray Sources Using a Neural Network
• Constraining the $\gamma$-ray Emission Region for Fermi-Detected FSRQs by the Seed Photon Approach
• Unveiling the Complex Jet Dynamics in the Blazar 2021+317 through Multi-Epoch VLBI Observations
• Axion-like Particles and their Possible Impact on the Very High-Energy Spectrum of M87 Observed by LHAASO
• A GeV Gamma-Ray Spectral Excess in the Fermi Blazar 4FGL J0136.5+3906
• Broadband Spectral Analysis of 1ES2344+514: A Multi-epoch study
• The Study of Variability of 8 Blazar Candidates Among the \textit{Fermi}-LAT Unidentified Gamma-Ray Sources
• Multiwavelength study of potential blazar candidates among Fermi-LAT unidentified gamma-ray sources
• Performance Evaluation of a silicon-based 6U Cubesat detector for soft $\gamma$-ray astronomy
• Searching for Gamma-Ray Millisecond Pulsars: Selection of Candidates Revisited
• The gamma-ray emission from young radio galaxies and quasars