Study of Intra-Day Flux Distributions of Blazars Using XMM-Newton Satellite
arXiv:2211.02606 · doi:10.3390/universe8110578
Abstract
We present a study of the flux distribution of a sample of 15 Intermediate and Low-energy peaked blazars using XMM-Newton observations in a total of 57 epochs on short-term timescales. We characterise the X-ray variability of all of the light curves using excess fractional variability amplitude and found that only 24 light curves in 7 sources are significantly variable. In order to characterise the origin of X-ray variability in these blazars, we fit the flux distributions of all these light curves using Gaussian and lognormal distributions, as any non-Gaussian perturbation could indicate the imprints of fluctuations in the accretion disc, which could be Doppler boosted through the relativistic jets in blazars. However, intra-day variability, as seen in our observations, is difficult to reconcile using disc components as the emissions in such sources are mostly dominated by jets. We used Anderson-Darling (AD) and tests to fit the histograms. In 11 observations of 4 blazars, namely, ON 231, 3C 273, PKS 0235+164 and PKS 0521-365, both models equally fit the flux distributions. In the rest of the observations, we are unable to model them with any distribution. In two sources, namely, BL Lacertae and S4 0954+650, the lognormal distribution is preferred over the normal distribution, which could arise from non-Gaussian perturbations from relativistic jets or linear Gaussian perturbation in the particle time scale leading to such flux distributions.
arXiv commentPublished in Universe Journal on Nov 2nd 2022, 13 pages, 2 images
References in corpus (34)
- Unified Schemes for Radio-Loud Active Galactic Nuclei
- On characterising the variability properties of X-ray light curves from active galaxies
- The Spectral Energy Distribution of Fermi bright blazars
- Leptonic and Hadronic Modeling of Fermi-Detected Blazars
- Active Galactic Nuclei as scaled-up Galactic black holes
- The Third Catalog of Active Galactic Nuclei Detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope
- Turbulent, Extreme Multi-Zone Model for Simulating Flux and Polarization Variability in Blazars
- Fast TeV variability in blazars: jets in a jet
- Canonical high power blazars
- Non-linear X-ray variability in X-ray binaries and active galaxies
- Neutral Beams from Blazar Jets
- The Spectral Energy Distributions of Fermi Blazars
- Fast TeV variability from misaligned minijets in the jet of M87
- Relativistic Jets in Active Galactic Nuclei und Microquasars
- Rapid variability in TeV blazars: the case of PKS 2155-304
- Timing Signatures of the Internal-Shock Model for Blazars
- Variability in Blazars: Clues from PKS 2155-304
- Stochastic Modeling of the Fermi/LAT Gamma-ray Blazar Variability
- The minijets-in-a-jet statistical model and the RMS-flux correlation
- Lognormal variability in BL Lacertae
- Log-normal flux distribution of bright Fermi blazars
- The flux distribution of individual blazars as a key to understand the dynamics of particle acceleration
- Long-term study of Mkn 421 with the HAGAR Array of Telescopes
- Long-term lightcurves from combined unified very high energy -ray data
- Evidence for two Lognormal States in Multi-wavelength Flux Variation of FSRQ PKS 1510-089
- Time series analysis of gamma-ray blazars and implications for the central black-hole mass
- On the spectral curvature of VHE blazar 1ES\,1011+496: Effect of spatial particle diffusion
- Optical Variability of TeV Blazars on long time-scales
- Signature of Inverse Compton emission from blazars
- Study of long-term flux and photon Index distributions of blazars using RXTE observations
- X-ray timing and spectral variability properties of blazars S5 0716+714, OJ 287, Mrk 501, and RBS 2070
- X-ray Intraday Variability and Power Spectral Density Profiles of the Blazar 3C 273 with XMM-Newton during 2000-2021
- Short-term X-ray Variability during Different Activity Phases of Blazars S5 0716+714 and PKS 2155-304
- Gamma-ray Blazar variability: New statistical methods of time-flux distributions