On characterising the variability properties of X-ray light curves from active galaxies

Abstract

We review some practical aspects of measuring the amplitude of variability in `red noise' light curves typical of those from Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). The quantities commonly used to estimate the variability amplitude in AGN light curves, such as the fractional rms variability amplitude, F_var, and excess variance, sigma_XS^2, are examined. Their statistical properties, relationship to the power spectrum, and uses for investigating the nature of the variability processes are discussed. We demonstrate that sigma_XS^2 (or similarly F_var) shows large changes from one part of the light curve to the next, even when the variability is produced by a stationary process. This limits the usefulness of these estimators for quantifying differences in variability amplitude between different sources or from epoch to epoch in one source. Some examples of the expected scatter in the variance are tabulated for various typical power spectral shapes, based on Monte Carlo simulations. The excess variance can be useful for comparing the variability amplitudes of light curves in different energy bands from the same observation. Monte Carlo simulations are used to derive a description of the uncertainty in the amplitude expected between different energy bands (due to measurement errors). Finally, these estimators are used to demonstrate some variability properties of the bright Seyfert 1 galaxy Markarian 766. The source is found to show a strong, linear correlation between rms amplitude and flux, and to show significant spectral variability.

14 pages. 12 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

References in corpus (5)

• A long hard look at MCG-6-30-15 with XMM-Newton
• X-ray Fluctuation Power Spectral Densities of Seyfert 1 Galaxies
• The high frequency power spectrum of Markarian 766
• The X-ray spectrum of the Seyfert I galaxy Mrk 766: Dusty Warm Absorber or Relativistic Emission Lines?
• Long-Term, Continuous Monitoring of the Broad Line Radio Galaxies 3C 390.3 and 3C 120 With the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer

Cited by in corpus (819)

• Understanding the Lomb-Scargle Periodogram
• An Exceptional VHE Gamma-Ray Flare of PKS 2155-304
• The Second Catalog of Active Galactic Nuclei Detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope
• Active Galactic Nuclei: what's in a name?
• The Swift/BAT Hard X-ray Transient Monitor
• What Drives the Growth of Black Holes?
• Variable VHE gamma-ray emission from Markarian 501
• Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources
• Second ROSAT all-sky survey (2RXS) source catalogue
• X-ray reverberation around accreting black holes
• Non-linear X-ray variability in X-ray binaries and active galaxies
• Gamma-ray Light Curves and Variability of Bright Fermi-Detected Blazars
• Fermi-LAT Observations of Markarian 421: the Missing Piece of its Spectral Energy Distribution
• The XMM-Newton serendipitous survey. VII. The third XMM-Newton serendipitous source catalogue
• Space Telescope and Optical Reverberation Mapping Project. III. Optical Continuum Emission and Broad-Band Time Delays in NGC 5548
• Generating artificial light curves: Revisited and updated
• Stingray: A Modern Python Library For Spectral Timing
• Flexible and Scalable Methods for Quantifying Stochastic Variability in the Era of Massive Time-Domain Astronomical Data Sets
• Discovery of a relation between black hole mass and soft X-ray time lags in active galactic nuclei
• The ultraluminous state revisited: fractional variability and spectral shape as diagnostics of super-Eddington accretion
• Kepler Observations of Rapid Optical Variability in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Insights Into the High-Energy Gamma-ray Emission of Markarian 501 from Extensive Multifrequency Observations in the Fermi Era
• X-ray variability of 104 active galactic nuclei. XMM-Newton power-spectrum density profiles
• Spectral Properties of Bright Fermi-detected Blazars in the Gamma-ray Band
• Variability in red supergiant stars: pulsations, long secondary periods and convection noise
• Measurement of the extragalactic background light imprint on the spectra of the brightest blazars observed with H.E.S.S
• A Bayesian test for periodic signals in red noise
• The First Swift Intensive AGN Accretion Disk Reverberation Mapping Survey
• The structure and emission model of the relativistic jet in the quasar 3C 279 inferred from radio to high-energy gamma-ray observations in 2008-2010
• A spectral-timing model for ULXs in the super-critical regime
• A long, hard look at MCG-6-30-15 with XMM-Newton II: detailed EPIC analysis and modelling
• The ultraluminous X-ray sources NGC 1313 X-1 and X-2: a broadband study with NuSTAR and XMM-Newton
• Simultaneous observations of PKS 2155-304 with H.E.S.S., Fermi, RXTE and ATOM: spectral energy distributions and variability in a low state
• Accretion disc variability in the hard state of black hole X-ray binaries
• The long term X-ray spectral variability of AGN
• A variable mid-infrared synchrotron break associated with the compact jet in GX 339-4
• Accretion disk reverberation with Hubble Space Telescope observations of NGC 4593: evidence for diffuse continuum lags
• XMM-Newton study of the complex and variable spectrum of NGC 4051
• On the use of structure functions to study blazar variability: caveats and problems
• Swift monitoring of NGC 4151: Evidence for a Second X-ray/UV Reprocessing
• A Stochastic Model for the Luminosity Fluctuations of Accreting Black Holes
• Multiwavelength Study of Quiescent States of Mrk 421 with Unprecedented Hard X-Ray Coverage Provided by NuSTAR in 2013
• The most extreme ultraluminous X-ray sources: evidence for intermediate-mass black holes?
• Unprecedented study of the broadband emission of Mrk 421 during flaring activity in March 2010
• The multiwavelength variability of 3C 273
• Rapid optical and X-ray timing observations of GX 339-4: multi-component optical variability in the low/hard state
• The 2009 multiwavelength campaign on Mrk 421: Variability and correlation studies
• VHE gamma-ray emission of PKS 2155-304: spectral and temporal variability
• From ultraluminous X-ray sources to ultraluminous supersoft sources: NGC 55 ULX, the missing link
• The Kepler Light Curves of AGN: A Detailed Analysis
• The relationship between X-ray variability amplitude and black hole mass in active galactic nuclei
• An Expanded RXTE Survey of X-ray Variability in Seyfert 1 Galaxies
• Challenging times: a re-analysis of NGC 5408 X-1
• Gaia Data Release 3: All-sky classification of 12.4 million variable sources into 25 classes
• Connection between the Accretion Disk and Jet in the Radio Galaxy 3C 111
• Source-intrinsic near-infrared properties of Sgr A*: Total intensity measurements
• Pan-STARRS1 variability of XMM-COSMOS AGN. II. Physical correlations and power spectrum analysis
• Reverberation Mapping of Optical Emission Lines in Five Active Galaxies
• Long-term variability of AGN at hard X-rays
• X-ray Spectra from MHD Simulations of Accreting Black Holes
• Intensive disc-reverberation mapping of Fairall 9: 1st year of Swift & LCO monitoring
• Superorbital variability of X-ray and radio emission of Cyg X-1 - II. Dependence of the orbital modulation and spectral hardness on the superorbital phase
• Quasi-Periodic Oscillations of ~ 15 minutes in the Optical Light Curve of the BL Lac S5 0716+714
• Variability in the CoRoT photometry of three hot O-type stars. HD 46223, HD 46150 and HD 46966
• RE J1034+396: The origin of the soft X-ray excess and QPO
• A Systematic Study of Variability in a Sample of Ultraluminous X-ray Sources
• Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources
• Comparative performance of selected variability detection techniques in photometric time series
• Optically thick outflows in ultraluminous supersoft sources
• Multiwavelength observations of 3C 454.3. III. Eighteen months of AGILE monitoring of the "Crazy Diamond"
• Calibrating the correlation between black hole mass and X-ray variability amplitude: X-ray only black hole mass estimates for active galactic nuclei and ultra-luminous X-ray sources
• A dynamic black hole corona in an active galaxy through X-ray reverberation mapping
• ASASSN-18ey: The Rise of a New Black-Hole X-ray Binary
• Correlated variability in the blazar 3C 454.3
• Gamma rays from the quasar PKS 1441+25: story of an escape
• The Soft-Excess in Mrk 509: Warm Corona or Relativistic Reflection?
• Detection of Possible Quasi-periodic Oscillations in the Long-term Optical Light Curve of the BL Lac Object OJ 287
• Fe K Emission and Absorption in the XMM-EPIC Spectrum of the Seyfert Galaxy IC 4329a
• Supermassive black holes with high accretion rates in active galactic nuclei. XI. Accretion disk reverberation mapping of Mrk 142
• Study of LINER sources with broad H(alpha) emission. X-ray properties and comparision to luminous AGN and X-ray binaries
• Multi-wavelength observations of 3C 279 during the extremely bright gamma-ray flare in 2014 March-April
• XMMSL1 J074008.2-853927: a tidal disruption event with thermal and non-thermal components
• The Broad-band X-ray Spectrum of IC 4329A from a Joint NuSTAR/Suzaku Observation
• The XMM-Newton view of AGN with intermediate mass black holes
• Twelve years of X-ray and optical variability in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 4051
• A Three-Year Multi-Wavelength Study of the Very High Energy Gamma-ray Blazar 1ES 0229+200
• The extreme HBL behaviour of Markarian 501 during 2012
• Discovery of a ~2 hr high frequency X-ray QPO and iron K alpha reverberation in the active galaxy MS 2254.9-3712
• Mapping the inner regions of MCG-6-30-15 with XMM-Newton
• The Peculiar Radio-Loud Narrow Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy 1H 0323+342
• The Broadband XMM-Newton and NuSTAR X-ray Spectra of Two Ultraluminous X-ray Sources in the Galaxy IC 342
• Detection of Time Lags Between Quasar Continuum Emission Bands based on Pan-STARRS Light-curves
• Relativistic disc reflection in the extreme NLS1 IRAS13224-3809
• Optical and Near Infrared Monitoring of the Black-Hole X-ray Binary GX 339-4 During 2002-2010
• POLAMI: Polarimetric Monitoring of Active Galactic Nuclei at Millimetre Wavelengths. III. Characterisation of total flux density and polarisation variability of relativistic jets
• Long-Term X-ray Variability of Typical Active Galactic Nuclei in the Distant Universe
• Multi-wavelength variability properties of Fermi blazar S5 0716+714
• Multiwavelength observations of Mrk 501 in 2008
• Discovery of a ~5 day characteristic timescale in the Kepler power spectrum of Zw 229-15
• Iron K and Compton hump reverberation in SWIFT J2127.4+5654 and NGC 1365 revealed by NuSTAR and XMM-Newton
• Quasar Black Hole Mass Estimates in the Era of Time Domain Astronomy
• An XMM-Newton observation of Ark 120: the X-ray spectrum of a `bare' Seyfert 1 nucleus
• Detection of Intra-day Variability Timescales of Four High Energy Peaked Blazars with XMM-Newton
• A reflection origin for the soft and hard X-ray excess of Ark 120
• Testing the inverse-Compton catastrophe scenario in the intra-day variable blazar S5 0716+71. I. Simultaneous broadband observations during November 2003
• First NuSTAR Observations of Mrk 501 within a Radio to TeV Multi-Instrument Campaign
• Furiously Fast and Red: Sub-second Optical Flaring in V404 Cyg during the 2015 Outburst Peak
• The remarkable X-ray variability of IRAS 13224-3809 I: The variability process
• Ultraviolet and X-ray variability of active galactic nuclei with Swift
• AGN Variability Analysis Handbook
• Revealing the ultra-fast outflow in IRAS 13224-3809 through spectral variability
• The 2012 flare of PG 1553+113 seen with H.E.S.S. and Fermi-LAT
• GRS 1915+105: the distance, radiative processes and energy-dependent variability
• The missing link: a low mass X-ray binary in M31 seen as an ultraluminous X-ray source
• XMM-Newton campaign on the ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 247 ULX-1: outflows
• The 2015 Decay of the Black Hole X-ray Binary V404 Cygni: Robust Disk-Jet Coupling and a Sharp Transition into Quiescence
• Detection of a possible X-ray Quasi-periodic Oscillation in the Active Galactic Nucleus 1H~0707-495
• AGN X-ray variability in the XMM-COSMOS survey
• Near infrared flares of Sagittarius A*: Importance of near infrared polarimetry
• The rapid X-ray variability of NGC 4051
• Short term X-ray spectral variability of the quasar PDS 456 observed in a low flux state
• Multiband variability studies and novel broadband SED modeling of Mrk 501 in 2009
• The 72-Hour WEBT Microvariability Observation of Blazar S5 0716+714 in 2009
• Tracing the accretion history of supermassive Black Holes through X-ray variability: results from the Chandra Deep Field-South
• XMM-Newton View of PKS 2155-304: Characterizing the X-ray Variability Properties with EPIC-PN
• The 2014 TeV Gamma-ray Flare of Mrk 501 Seen with H.E.S.S.: Temporal and Spectral Constraints on Lorentz Invariance Violation
• Kepler observations of rapid optical variability in the BL Lac object W2R1926+42
• On the multi-wavelength variability of Mrk 110: Two components acting at different timescales
• Multiple tidal disruption flares in the active galaxy IC 3599
• Long and short term variability of seven blazars in six near-infrared/optical bands
• Low-Frequency Oscillations in Global Simulations of Black Hole Accretion
• Nulling Data Reduction and On-Sky Performance of the Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer
• A new cosmological distance measure using AGN X-ray variability
• Lognormal variability in BL Lacertae
• The first Fermi multifrequency campaign on BL Lacertae: characterizing the low-activity state of the eponymous blazar
• Evolution of the reverberation lag in GX 339-4 at the end of an outburst
• Black hole mass estimation from X-ray variability measurements in AGN
• The Suzaku Observation of the Nucleus of the Radio-Loud Active Galaxy Centaurus A: Constraints on Abundances of the Accreting Material
• A comprehensive power spectral density analysis of astronomical time series I: the Fermi-LAT gamma-ray light curves of selected blazars
• Detection of a QPO in 5 XMM-Newton observations of RE J1034+396
• Variability Selected Low-Luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei in the 4 Ms Chandra Deep Field-South
• Energy-dependent variability and the origin of the soft X-ray excess in AGN
• X-ray Intraday Variability of Five TeV Blazars with NuSTAR
• The 450 days X-ray monitoring of the changing-look AGN 1ES 1927+654
• Eleven years of monitoring the Seyfert 1 Mrk 335 with Swift: Characterizing the X-ray and UV/optical variability
• Multifrequency Photo-polarimetric WEBT Observation Campaign on the Blazar S5 0716+714: Source Microvariability and Search for Characteristic Timescales
• Variable X-ray absorption in the mini-BAL QSO PG 1126-041
• Unveiling the X-ray/TeV engine in Mkn 421
• Log-normal flux distribution of bright Fermi blazars
• A Consistent Picture Emerges: A Compact X-ray Continuum Emission Region in the Gravitationally Lensed Quasar SDSS J0924+0219
• Prompt Electromagnetic Transients from Binary Black Hole Mergers
• Searching for Ultra-fast Outflows in AGN using Variability Spectra
• The linear rms-flux relation in an Ultraluminous X-ray Source
• The Flux Distribution of Sgr A*
• X-ray spectral variability of seven LINER nuclei with XMM-Newton and Chandra data
• Ensemble X-ray variability of Active Galactic Nuclei from serendipitous source catalogues
• Radio and $\gamma$-ray variability in the BL Lac PKS 0219 -164: Detection of quasi-periodic oscillations in the radio light curve
• A Hard X-Ray Power-Law Spectral Cutoff in Centaurus X-4
• The long-term optical spectral variability of BL Lacertae
• Long-Term X-Ray and TeV variability of Mrk 501
• Anatomy of the AGN in NGC 5548 VIII. XMM-Newton's EPIC detailed view of an unexpected variable multilayer absorber
• Measuring X-ray variability in faint/sparsely-sampled AGN
• Hard X-ray properties of NuSTAR blazars
• The structure and radiation spectra of illuminated accretion disks in AGN. II. Flare/spot model of X-ray variability
• Blazar Mrk 501 shows rhythmic oscillations in its $\gamma$-ray emission
• A Comprehensive X-ray Spectral Analysis of the Seyfert 1.5 NGC 3227
• The Energy-dependent X-ray Timing Characteristics of the Narrow Line Seyfert 1 Mkn 766
• Tidal disruption of a super-Jupiter by a massive black hole
• Supermassive Black Hole Winds in X-rays -- SUBWAYS. I. Ultra-fast outflows in QSOs beyond the local Universe
• The Chandra Deep Fields: Lifting the Veil on Distant Active Galactic Nuclei and X-Ray Emitting Galaxies
• Discovery of hard-spectrum γ-ray emission from the BL Lac object 1ES 0414+009
• Multi-wavelength characterization of the blazar S5~0716+714 during an unprecedented outburst phase
• X-ray spectral variability of Seyfert 2 galaxies
• Evidence for a Compact Object in the Aftermath of the Extra-Galactic Transient AT2018cow
• Gamma-ray Flux Distribution and Non-linear behavior of Four LAT Bright AGNs
• The dual nature of blazar fast variability. Space and ground observations of S5 0716+714
• Ultra Luminous X-ray Sources: a deeper insight into their spectral evolution
• NuSTAR/XMM-Newton monitoring of the Seyfert 1 galaxy HE 1143-1810. Testing the two-corona scenario
• A Long XMM-Newton Observation of An Extreme Narrow Line Seyfert 1: PG 1244+026
• Super-Eddington QSO RX J0439.6-5311. I. Origin of the Soft X-ray Excess and Structure of the Inner Accretion Flow
• Super-Eddington QSO RX J0439.6-5311. II. Multi-wavelength Constraints on the Global Structure of the Accretion Flow
• Insights on the X-ray weak quasar phenomenon from XMM-Newton monitoring of PHL 1092
• The hypersoft state of Cygnus X-3 - A key to jet quenching in X-ray binaries?
• Characterizing the gamma-ray long-term variability of PKS 2155-304 with H.E.S.S. and Fermi-LAT
• The flux distribution of individual blazars as a key to understand the dynamics of particle acceleration
• A new extensive catalog of optically variable AGN in the GOODS Fields and a new statistical approach to variability selection
• A full spectral-timing model to map the accretion flow in black hole binaries: the low/hard state of MAXI J1820+070
• The Seyfert AGN RX J0136.9-3510 and the Spectral State of Super Eddington Accretion Flows
• Unravelling the complex behavior of Mrk 421 with simultaneous X-ray and VHE observations during an extreme flaring activity in April 2013
• Fermi Observations of the Very Hard Gamma-ray Blazar PG 1553+113
• X-ray quasi-periodic oscillations in Lense--Thirring precession model - I. variability of relativistic continuum
• The long-term X-ray variability properties of AGN in the Lockman Hole region
• Investigation of the correlation patterns and the Compton dominance variability of Mrk 421 in 2017
• Revealing structure and evolution within the corona of the Seyfert galaxy I Zw 1
• Violent Hard X-ray Variability of Mrk 421 Observed by NuSTAR in 2013 April
• Study of the variable broadband emission of Markarian 501 during the most extreme Swift X-ray activity
• Chandra Survey of Nearby Galaxies: A Significant Population of Candidate Central Black Holes in Late-type Galaxies
• Long-term study of Mkn 421 with the HAGAR Array of Telescopes
• The flux-dependent X-ray time lags in NGC 4051
• How far is quasar UV/optical variability from damped random walk at low frequency?
• The Great Markarian 421 Flare of February 2010: Multiwavelength variability and correlation studies
• Characteristic Variability Timescales in the Gamma-ray Power Spectra of Blazars
• Broadband characterisation of the very intense TeV flares of the blazar 1ES 1959+650 in 2016
• Long-term lightcurves from combined unified very high energy $\gamma$-ray data
• Long-term multi-wavelength variability and correlation study of Markarian 421 from 2007 to 2009
• Searching for the trigger of the AGN QPO: 8 years of RE J1034+396
• Suzaku observations of Markarian 335: evidence for a distributed reflector
• Gamma-Ray Observational Properties of TeV-Detected Blazars
• Piercing Through Highly Obscured and Compton-thick AGNs in the Chandra Deep Fields: I. X-ray Spectral and Long-term Variability Analyses
• Evidence for two Lognormal States in Multi-wavelength Flux Variation of FSRQ PKS 1510-089
• Discovery of High-energy and Very High Energy Gamma-ray Emission from the Blazar RBS 0413
• Calculating Time Lags From Unevenly-Sampled Light Curves
• On the multi-wavelength Emission from CTA 102
• Correlated X-ray/Ultraviolet/Optical Variability in NGC 6814
• Evaluating Quasi-Periodic Variations in the $\gamma$-ray Lightcurves of Fermi-LAT Blazars
• X-ray emission from active galactic nuclei with intermediate mass black holes
• Time lags in the ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 5408 X-1: implications for the black hole mass
• Investigating the X-ray time-lags in PG 1244+026 using an extended corona model
• Anatomy of the AGN in NGC 5548: VII. Swift study of obscuration and broadband continuum variability
• Revisiting the ultraluminous supersoft source in M101: an optically thick outflow model
• Long-term optical variability of high-mass X-ray binaries. II. Spectroscopy
• Swift/UVOT grism monitoring of NGC 5548 in 2013: an attempt at MgII reverberation mapping
• On the black hole mass of the gamma-ray emitting narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy 1H 0323+342
• SXP 5.05 = IGR J00569-7226 : using X-rays to explore the structure of a Be stars circumstellar disk
• Hard X-ray Variability of AGN
• Multiwavelength Observations of the VHE Blazar 1ES 2344+514
• Constraints on the broad line region from regularized linear inversion: Velocity-delay maps for five nearby active galactic nuclei
• The complex variability of blazars: Time-scales and periodicity analysis in S4 0954+65
• Twelve and a Half Years of Observations of Centaurus A with RXTE
• X-ray time delays in the Narrow Line Seyfert 1 galaxy PG 1244+026
• A decade of multi-wavelength observations of the TeV blazar 1ES 1215+303: Extreme shift of the synchrotron peak frequency and long-term optical-gamma-ray flux increase
• X-Ray Spectral Variability of the Seyfert Galaxy NGC 4051 Observed with Suzaku
• Extreme ultra-soft X-ray variability in an eROSITA observation of the Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy 1H 0707-495
• Millimeter-band variability of the radio-quiet nucleus of NGC7469
• Multi-wavelength variability study of the classical BL Lac object PKS 0735+178 on timescales ranging from decades to minutes
• Variability of black hole accretion discs: The cool, thermal disc component
• XMM-Newton observation of the NLS1 Galaxy Ark 564: I. Spectral analysis of the time-average spectrum
• Discovery of TeV gamma-ray emission from PKS 0447-439 and derivation of an upper limit on its redshift
• An XMM-Newton view of the `bare' nucleus of Fairall 9
• The hard state of black hole candidates: XTE J1752-223
• X-ray flux variability of active galactic nuclei observed using NuSTAR
• A search for spectral hysteresis and energy-dependent time lags from X-ray and TeV gamma-ray observations of Mrk 421
• X-ray spectral components of the blazar and binary black hole candidate OJ 287 (2005-2020)
• Multi-wavelength campaign on NGC 7469 IV. The broad-band X-ray spectrum
• Gamma-ray blazar spectra with H.E.S.S. II mono analysis: the case of PKS 2155-304 and PG 1553+113
• H.E.S.S and Fermi-LAT discovery of gamma rays from the blazar 1ES 1312-423
• Exploratory X-ray Monitoring of Luminous Radio-Quiet Quasars at High Redshift: Initial Results
• The 2021 outburst of the recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi observed in X-rays by the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory: a comparative study
• Multiwavelength variability and correlation studies of Mrk 421 during historically low X-ray and $\gamma$-ray activity in 2015$-$2016
• High-energy monitoring of NGC 4593 II. Broadband spectral analysis: testing the two-corona model
• The soft excess of the NLS1 galaxy Mrk 359 studied with an XMM-Newton-NuSTAR monitoring campaign
• X-ray spectral variability of LINERs selected from the Palomar sample
• Multi-wavelength Intra-day Variability and Quasi-periodic Oscillation in Blazars
• The Best Constraints on A Super-Eddington Accretion Flow: XMM-Newton Observations of An Intermediate-mass Black Hole
• Unveiling sub-parsec supermassive black hole binary candidates in active galactic nuclei
• Disentangling the synchrotron and Inverse Compton variability in the X-ray emission of the intermediate BL Lac object S5 0716+71
• A bright ultraluminous X-ray source in NGC 5907
• Random time series in Astronomy
• Exploring the nature of broadband variability in the FSRQ 3C 273
• Deepest view of AGN X-ray variability with the 7 Ms Chandra Deep Field-South survey
• Exploring the connection between parsec-scale jet activity and broadband outbursts in 3C 279
• Restarting activity in the nucleus of PBC J2333.9-2343: an extreme case of jet realignment
• Direct Measurement of the X-ray Time-Delay Transfer Function in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Broadband spectral study of the jet-disc emission in the radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy 1H 0323+342
• On the relativistic iron line and soft excess in the Seyfert 1 galaxy Markarian 335
• A New Sample of Candidate Intermediate-Mass Black Holes Selected by X-ray Variability
• A high-density relativistic reflection origin for the soft and hard X-ray excess emission from Mrk 1044
• Optical Flux and Colour Variability of Blazars in the ZTF Survey
• Self-lensing flares from black hole binaries II: observing black hole shadows via light-curve tomography
• X-ray Variability Characteristics of the Seyfert 1 Galaxy NGC 3783
• Multiwavelength observations of the black hole X-ray binary A0620-00 in quiescence
• Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2018 EHT Campaign including a Very High Energy Flaring Episode
• Short Timescale AGN X-ray Variability with EXOSAT: Black hole mass and Normalised Variability Amplitude
• Very Long Baseline polarimetry and the gamma-ray connection in Markarian 421 during the broadband campaign in 2011
• Possible Accretion Disk Origin of the Emission Variability of a Blazar Jet
• Quasi-periodic Oscillations in XTE J1550-564: The rms-flux relation
• Comparing Spectral Models for ULXs with NGC 4517 ULX1
• Detection of a possible high-confidence radio quasi-periodic oscillation in the BL Lac PKS J2134-0153
• A parsec-scale wobbling jet in the high-synchrotron peaked blazar PG 1553+113
• Discovery of VHE γ-ray emission and multi-wavelength observations of the BL Lac object 1RXS J101015.9-311909
• The high-energy $\gamma$-ray emission of AP Librae
• Is there a UV/X-ray connection in IRAS 13224-3809?
• X-ray Spectral and Variability Properties of Low-Mass AGN
• H.E.S.S. discovery of very high energy gamma-ray emission from PKS 0625-354
• A Statistical Study on the Low-Frequency QPO Amplitude Spectrum and Amplitude in GRS 1915+105
• A fast radio burst with sub-millisecond quasi-periodic structure
• Constraints on the temperature inhomogeneity in quasar accretion discs from the ultraviolet-optical spectral variability
• A wildly flickering jet in the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1535-571
• Low-Luminosity AGN as analogues of Galactic Black Holes in the low/hard state: Evidence from X-ray timing of NGC 4258
• NGC 5548: Lack of a Broad Fe K Line and Constraints on the Location of the Hard X-ray Source
• X-ray spectral studies of TeV gamma-ray emitting blazars
• Discovery of very high energy gamma-ray emission from the BL Lac object PKS 0301-243 with H.E.S.S
• Multi-messenger characterization of Mrk 501 during historically low X-ray and $\gamma$-ray activity
• Swift observations of Mrk\,421 in selected epochs. iii. Extreme x-ray timing/spectral properties and multiwavelength lognormality in 2015\,December--2018\,April
• The nature of the extreme X-ray variability in the NLS1 1H 0707-495
• Tracking the variable jets of V404 Cygni during its 2015 outburst
• The High Energy Spectrum of NGC 4151
• EUCLIA. II. On the puzzling large UV to X-ray lags in Seyfert galaxies
• X-ray time lags and nonlinear variability in the ultraluminous X-ray sources NGC 5408 X-1 and NGC 6946 X-1
• The Gamma-Ray Emitting Radio-Loud Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy PKS 2004-447 I. The X-Ray View
• Study on Temporal and Spectral behavior of 3C 279 during 2018 January flare
• Characterization of the Infrared/X-ray sub-second variability for the black-hole transient GX 339-4
• An Atlas of Exotic Variability in IGR J17091-3624: A Comparison with GRS 1915+105
• The first hard X-ray spectral catalogue of Blazars observed by NuSTAR
• Broadband X-Ray Observations of the 2018 Outburst of the Changing-Look Active Galactic Nucleus NGC 1566
• Long-term optical-infrared color variability of blazars
• Multiwavelength observations of the gamma-ray emitting narrow-line Seyfert 1 PMN J0948+0022 in 2011
• The X-ray Power Spectral Density Function and Black Hole Mass Estimate for the Seyfert AGN IC 4329a
• Kepler Photometry of Four Radio-Loud AGN in 2010-2012
• VHE gamma-ray detection of FSRQ QSO B1420+326 and modeling of its enhanced broadband state in 2020
• Probing the very-high-energy gamma-ray spectral curvature in the blazar PG 1553+113 with the MAGIC telescopes
• Pan-STARRS1 variability of XMM-COSMOS AGN. I. Impact on photometric redshifts
• MAXI J1820+070 X-ray spectral-timing reveals the nature of the accretion flow in black hole binaries
• Fermi-Large Area Telescope observations of the brightest Gamma-ray flare ever detected from CTA 102
• X-ray variability of AGNs in the soft and the hard X-ray bands
• Multiwavelength campaign on Mrk 509. XIII. Testing ionized-reflection models on Mrk 509
• Multiwavelength variability study and search for periodicity of PKS 1510-089
• Multicolor Optical Monitoring of the Blazar S5 0716+714 from 2017 to 2019
• Day-timescale variability in the radio light curve of the Tidal Disruption Event AT2022cmc: confirmation of a highly relativistic outflow
• Multiwavelength Photometric and Spectropolarimetric Analysis of the FSRQ 3C 279
• Two-zone emission modeling of PKS 1510-089 during the high state of 2015
• Investigating the blazar TXS 0506+056 through sharp multi-wavelength eyes during 2017-2019
• Long term γ -ray variability of blazars
• Locating the gamma-ray emission site in Fermi/LAT blazars. II Multifrequency correlations
• Multi-frequency variability study of Ton 599 during high activity of 2017
• Optical/$\gamma$-ray blazar flare correlations: understanding the high-energy emission process using ASAS-SN and Fermi light curves
• Broadband study of blazar 1ES 1959+650 during flaring state in 2016
• The eROSITA Final Equatorial Depth Survey (eFEDS): Complex absorption and soft excesses in hard X-ray--selected active galactic nuclei
• The scaling of X-ray variability with luminosity in Ultra-luminous X-ray sources
• A forward modelling approach to AGN variability -- Method description and early applications
• Monitoring the Violent Activity from the Inner Accretion Disk of the Seyfert 1.9 Galaxy NGC 2992 with RXTE
• The evolution of the disc variability along the hard state of the black hole transient GX 339-4
• Eclipsing the X-ray emitting region in the active galaxy NGC 6814
• H.E.S.S. detection of very-high-energy gamma-ray emission from the quasar PKS 0736+017
• Incoherent fast variability of X-ray obscurers. The case of NGC 3783
• X-ray Intra-day Variability of the TeV Blazar Mrk 421 with Suzaku
• Statistical analysis on XMM-Newton X-ray flares of Mrk 421: distributions of peak flux and flaring time duration
• Ultraviolet and X-ray variability of NGC 4051 over 45 days with XMM-Newton and Swift
• A Suzaku Observation of NGC 4593: Illuminating the Truncated Disk
• Evolution of Spin, Orbital, and Superorbital Modulations of 4U 0114+650
• The Suzaku Observation of NGC 3516: Complex Absorption and the Broad and Narrow Fe K Lines
• X-ray Flux and Spectral Variability of Six TeV Blazars with \textit{NuSTAR}
• The Suzaku View of the Swift/BAT AGNs (II): Time Variability and Spectra of Five "Hidden" AGNs
• Error formulae for the energy-dependent cross-spectrum
• Peak of spectral energy distribution play an important role in intra-day variability of Blazars?
• Intermediate-mass black holes and the fundamental plane of black hole accretion
• On the spectral curvature of VHE blazar 1ES\,1011+496: Effect of spatial particle diffusion
• Toward Identifying the Unassociated Gamma-ray Source 1FGL J1311.7-3429 with X-ray and Optical Observations
• Multiwavelength variability power spectrum analysis of the blazars 3C 279 and PKS 1510-089 on multiple timescales
• XMM-Newton observation of MV Lyr and the sandwiched model confirmation
• MOMO VI: Multifrequency radio variability of the blazar OJ 287 from 2015-2022, absence of predicted 2021 precursor-flare activity, and a new binary interpretation of the 2016/2017 outburst
• The luminosity-dependent contribution from the broad line region to the wavelength-dependent lags in Mrk 110
• Broadband variability and correlation study of 3C 279 during flare of 2017-2018
• Determination of the size of the dust torus in H0507+164 through optical and infrared monitoring
• Exploring the origin of multiwavelength activities of high-redshift FSRQ PKS 1502+106 during 2014-2018
• Flux Distribution of Gamma-Ray Emission in Blazars: The Example of Mrk 501
• Fermi Monitoring of Radio-loud Narrow Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies
• The flaring X-ray corona in the quasar PDS 456
• SDSS J075101.42+291419.1: A Super-Eddington Accreting Quasar with Extreme X-ray Variability
• X-ray/UV variability and the origin of soft X-ray excess emission from II Zw 177
• The structure and X-ray radiation spectra of illuminated accretion disks in AGN. III. Modeling fractional variability
• Discovery of high and very high-energy emission from the BL Lac object SHBL J001355.9-185406
• A spectrally stratified hot accretion flow in the hard state of MAXI J1820+070
• First hard X-ray observations of the blazar S5 0716+714 with NuSTAR during a multiwavelength campaign
• Blazar variability power spectra from radio up to TeV photon energies: Mrk 421 and PKS 2155-304
• Localizing narrow Fe K$\alpha$ emission within bright AGN
• The X-ray Disk/Wind Degeneracy in AGN
• Discovery of the luminous X-ray ignition eRASSt J234402.9$-$352640; I. Tidal disruption event or a rapid increase in accretion in an active galactic nucleus?
• Modelling X-ray RMS spectra I: intrinsically variable AGN
• Variability studies and modeling of the blazar PKS 2155-304 in the light of a decade of multi-wavelength observations
• Resolving the High Energy Universe with Strong Gravitational Lensing: The Case of PKS 1830-211
• Study of underlying particle spectrum during huge X-ray flare of Mkn 421 in April 2013
• X-ray timing analysis of the quasar PG 1211+143
• Direct probe of the inner accretion flow around the supermassive black hole in NGC 2617
• The 7-year MAXI/GSC X-ray Source Catalog in the High Galactic-Latitude Sky (3MAXI)
• First broadband characterization and redshift determination of the VHE blazar MAGIC J2001+439
• Gaia Data Release 3: The first Gaia catalogue of variable AGN
• Quasi-periodic behaviour in the $\gamma$-ray light curve of the blazar PKS 0405-385
• Matter ejections behind the highs and lows of the transitional millisecond pulsar PSR J1023+0038
• Radio/X-ray monitoring of the broad-line radio galaxy 3C 382. High-energy view with XMM-Newton and NuSTAR
• Blazar Variability: A Study of Non-stationarity and the Flux-RMS Relation
• X-ray Intraday Variability of the TeV Blazar PKS 2155-304 with Suzaku During 2005-2014
• Fast infrared variability from the black-hole candidate MAXI J1535$-$571 and tight constraints on the modelling
• Radio Variability from a Quiescent Stellar Mass Black Hole Jet
• Non-stationary variability in accreting compact objects
• Ultraluminous X-ray sources with flat-topped noise and QPO
• A deep X-ray view of the bare AGN Ark 120. III. X-ray timing analysis and multiwavelength variability
• The High Redshift Blazar S5 0836+71: A Broadband Study
• Characterizing long-term optical, ultraviolet and X-ray variability in different activity states of OJ 287
• Multi-band Variability of the TeV Blazar PG 1553+113 with XMM-Newton
• NuSTAR observations of Mrk 766: distinguishing reflection from absorption
• Signature of Inverse Compton emission from blazars
• Associated Spectral and Temporal State Transition of the bright ULX NGC1313 X-1
• X-ray Intraday Variability of the TeV Blazar Mrk 421 with {\it Chandra}
• Gravitational Lenses as High-Resolution Telescopes
• The Chandra Local Volume Survey I: The X-ray Point Source Populations of NGC 55, NGC 2403, and NGC 4214
• Quasi-periodic dipping in the ultraluminous X-ray source, NGC 247 ULX-1
• Dips and eclipses in the X-ray binary Swift J1858.6-0814 observed with NICER
• Inverse Compton X-ray signature of AGN feedback
• X-ray, UV and optical time delays in the bright Seyfert galaxy Ark 120 with co-ordinated Swift and ground-based observations
• CTA 102 in exceptionally high state during 2016-17
• Insights into the emission of the blazar 1ES 1011+496 through unprecedented broadband observations during 2011 and 2012
• MOMO IV: The complete Swift X-ray and UV/optical light curve and characteristic variability of the blazar OJ 287 during the last two decades
• Simultaneous Millimeter-wave and X-ray monitoring of the Seyfert Galaxy NGC 7469
• The Type 1 and Type 2 AGN dichotomy according to their ZTF optical variability
• The relentless variability of Mrk 421 from the TeV to the radio
• On the artificial nature of aperiodic variability in XMM-Newton observations of M31 X-ray sources and the ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 4559 ULX-7
• An active state of the BL Lac Object Markarian 421 detected by INTEGRAL in April 2013
• The lively accretion disk in NGC 2992. I. Transient iron K emission lines in the high flux state
• The variable radio counterpart of Swift J1858.6-0814
• Probing the gamma-ray variability in 3C279 using broadband observations
• Swift J174540.7-290015: a new accreting binary in the Galactic Center
• Long term X-Ray Observations of Seyfert 1 Galaxy Ark 120: On the origin of soft-excess
• Frequency dependent core shifts and parameter estimation for the blazar 3C 454.3
• Study of X-ray variability and coronae of Seyfert galaxies using NuSTAR
• Black hole candidate XTE J1752-223: Swift observations of canonical states during outburst
• Characterization of Variability in Blazar Light curves
• The BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey -- XVIII. Searching for Supermassive Black Hole Binaries in the X-rays
• The First Hard X-Ray Power Spectral Density Functions of AGN
• Daily variability at milli-arcsecond scales in the radio quiet NLSy1 Mrk 110
• Timing and Spectral Analysis of the Unusual X-Ray Transient XTE J0421+560/CI Camelopardalis
• Probing Spectroscopic Variability of Galaxies & Narrow-Line Active Galactic Nuclei in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• A statistical study of the optical spectral variability in gamma-ray blazars
• GR models of the X-ray spectral variability of MCG--6-30-15
• The Hard X-ray emission of the blazar PKS 2155--304
• Multi-wavelength Analysis and Modeling of OJ 287 During 2017-2020
• NuSTAR and XMM-Newton observations of the 2015 outburst decay of GX 339-4
• The XMM-Newton view of the radio loud narrow line Seyfert1 galaxy PMN J0948+0022
• Unveiling the physics of low luminosity AGN through X-ray variability: LINER versus Seyfert 2
• X-ray flaring in PDS 456 observed in a high-flux state
• Broadband 'spectro-temporal' features of extragalactic black hole binaries LMC X-1 and LMC X-3: An AstroSat perspective
• Multiwavelength power-spectrum analysis of NGC 5548
• Blazar 3C 454.3 in Outburst and Quiescence During 2005-2007: Two Variable Synchrotron Emission Peaks
• The time derivative of the kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations in 4U 1636-53
• Long term variability of Cygnus X-1. VIII. A spectral-timing look at low energies with NICER
• Very-High-Energy $\gamma$-Ray Observations of the Blazar 1ES 2344+514 with VERITAS
• Energy-dependent variability from accretion flows
• Quasi-periodic oscillations under wavelet microscope: the application of Matching Pursuit algorithm
• Analyses on the Variability Asymmetry of Kepler AGNs
• Testing relativistic boost as the cause of gamma-ray quasi-periodic oscillation in a blazar
• A Systematic Study on Energy Dependence of Quasi-Periodic Oscillation Frequency in GRS 1915+105
• HESS J1943+213: An Extreme Blazar Shining Through The Galactic Plane
• X-Ray Variability and the Inner Region in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Insights into the broad-band emission of the TeV blazar Mrk 501 during the first X-ray polarization measurements
• Investigating the reflection contribution to the X-ray emission of Ton S180
• The nature of a broad line radio galaxy: Simultaneous RXTE and Chandra HETG observations of 3C 382
• CANGAROO-III Observations of the 2006 Outburst of PKS2155-304
• The X-ray variability of Seyfert 1.8/1.9 galaxies
• Exploring the Variability of the Flat Spectrum Radio Source 1633+382. I. Phenomenology of the Light Curves
• Extremely rapid x-ray flares of tev blazars in the rxte era
• The Ultraluminous X-ray sources population of the galaxy NGC 7456
• Linking soft excess in ultraluminous X-ray sources with optically thick wind driven by supercritical accretion
• AstroSat and MAXI view of Cygnus X-1: Signature of an `extreme' soft nature
• Broadband X-ray spectral variability of the pulsing ULX NGC 1313 X-2
• Two Transient Quasi-periodic Oscillations in $\gamma$-Ray Emission from the Blazar S4 0954+658
• Constraining the PG 1553+113 binary hypothesis: interpreting hints of a new, 22-year period
• Variability and the size-luminosity relation of the intermediate mass AGN in NGC 4395
• VERITAS and Multiwavelength Observations of the BL Lacertae Object 1ES 1741+196
• The ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 5643 ULX1: a large stellar mass black hole accreting at super-Eddington rates?
• The longest timescale X-ray variability reveals an evidence for active galactic nuclei in the high accretion state
• Fourier-resolved energy spectra of the Narrow Line Seyfert 1 Mkn 766
• An intrinsic link between long-term UV/optical variations and X-ray loudness in quasars
• Detection of a high-confidence quasi-periodic oscillation in radio light curve of the high redshift FSRQ PKS J0805-0111
• Probing Nuclear and Circumnuclear Properties of NGC 6300 using X-ray Observations
• CI Camelopardalis: The first sgB[e]-High Mass X-ray Binary Twenty Years on, a Supernova Imposter in our own Galaxy?
• X-ray Intraday Variability of HBL Blazars with XMM-Newton
• Probing an X-ray flare pattern in Mrk 421 induced by multiple stationary shocks: a solution to the bulk Lorentz factor crisis
• Investigating Variability of Quiescent Neutron Stars in the Globular Clusters NGC 6440 and Terzan 5
• Correlation between optical flux and polarization variations in Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars on diverse timescales
• X-ray timing and spectral variability properties of blazars S5 0716+714, OJ 287, Mrk 501, and RBS 2070
• Ejection-accretion connection in NLS1 AGN 1H 1934-063
• Numerical Analysis of Long-term Variability of AGN Jets through RMHD Simulations
• Update on the X-ray variability plane for active galactic nuclei: The role of the obscuration
• X-ray intraday variability of the TeV blazar Mrk 421 with {\it XMM-Newton}
• An observational method for fast stochastic X-ray polarimetry-timing
• Variability-selected low-luminosity active galactic nuclei candidates in the 7 Ms Chandra Deep Field-South
• Wavelet analysis of millisecond variability of Cygnus X-1 during its failed state transition
• Long term X-ray variability characteristics of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy RE~J1034+396
• Investigating the interplay between the coronal properties and the hard X-ray variability of active galactic nuclei with NuSTAR
• FBQS J1644+2619: multiwavelength properties and its place in the class of gamma-ray emitting Narrow Line Seyfert 1s
• The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS): The variability catalogue and multi-epoch comparison
• The X-ray variability and the near-IR to X-ray spectral energy distribution of four low luminosity Seyfert 1 galaxies
• Correlated spectral and temporal changes in 3C 390.3: a new link between AGN and Galactic Black Hole Binaries?
• Exploring the disc/jet interaction in the radio-loud quasar 4C +74.26 with Suzaku
• Crossing the Eddington limit: examining disk spectra at high accretion rates
• Long term multi-wavelength view of the blazar 1ES 1218+304
• Multi-Zone warm and cold clumpy absorbers in 3 Seyfert galaxies
• Optical variability power spectrum analysis of blazar sources on intranight timescales
• Disk-jet coupling changes as a possible indicator for outbursts from GX 339-4 remaining within the X-ray hard state
• MAXI J1820+070 with NuSTAR II. Flaring during the hard to soft state transition with a long soft lag
• Spectral States of OJ 287 blazar from Multi-wavelength Observations with $AstroSat$
• Study of correlation between optical flux and polarization variations in BL Lac objects
• X-ray spectral analysis of the low-luminosity active galactic nucleus NGC 7213 using long XMM-Newton observations
• Independent Black Hole Mass Estimation for the γ-ray Detected Archetypal Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy 1H 0323+342 from X-ray Variability
• Variability and evolution of the optical polarization of a sample of gamma-ray blazars
• The variability of blazars throughout the electromagnetic spectrum
• A Comprehensive Archival Chandra Search for X-ray Emission from Ultracompact Dwarf Galaxies
• Flaring radio lanterns along the ridge line: long-term oscillatory motion in the jet of S5 1803+784
• Systematic evaluation of variability detection methods for eROSITA
• Quasi periodic oscillations in active galactic nuclei
• The origin of the soft X-ray excess in the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy SBS 1353+564
• Coronal properties of the Seyfert 1 galaxy 3C 120 with NuSTAR
• A numerical study of long-term multi-wavelength blazar variability
• Long-term multi-wavelength study of 1ES 0647+250
• Long-Term X-Ray spectral variability of the radio-loud NLS1 galaxy PKS 0558-504
• MOMO V. Effelsberg, Swift and Fermi study of the blazar and supermassive binary black hole candidate OJ 287 in a period of high activity
• Geometrical beaming of stellar mass ULXs
• Dramatic changes in the observed velocity of the accretion disk wind in MCG-03-58-007 are revealed by XMM-Newton and NuSTAR
• BASS-XL: X-ray variability properties of unobscured Active Galactic Nuclei
• Contrasting X-ray/UV time-lags in Seyfert 1 galaxies NGC 4593 and NGC 7469 using AstroSat observations
• Continuum optical-UV and X-ray variability of AGN: current results and future challenges
• Quasi-simultaneous Spectroscopic and Multi-band Photometric Observations of Blazar S5 0716+714 during 2018-2019
• Exploring Short-Term Optical Variability of Blazars Using $\text{TESS}$
• Detection of the high energy cut-off from the Seyfert 1.5 galaxy NGC 5273
• Broadband study of OQ 334 during its flaring state
• A new timescale-mass scaling for the optical variation of active galactic nuclei across the intermediate-mass to supermassive scales
• Energy-dependent variability of the bare Seyfert 1 galaxy Ark 120
• Unveiling the broadband spectral and temporal properties of PKS\,0903-57 during its brightest flare
• Quasi-simultaneous observations of radio and X-ray variability in three radio-quiet Seyfert galaxies
• The two Ultraluminous X-ray sources in the galaxy NGC 925
• Rapid X-ray Variability in Mkn 421 during a Multiwavelength Campaign
• On the determination of log-normal flux distributions for astrophysical systems
• Variable AGN in the GALEX Time Domain Survey
• XMM-Newton and Swift observations of WZ Sge: spectral and timing analysis
• Estimation of the size and structure of the broad line region using Bayesian approach
• A 100ks XMM-Newton view of the Seyfert 1.8 ESO113-G010. I. Discovery of large X-ray variability and study of the FeKalpha line complex
• Searching for energy-resolved quasi-periodic oscillations in AGN
• A misfired outburst in the neutron star X-ray binary Centaurus X-4
• Joint ALMA/X-ray monitoring of the radio-quiet type 1 AGN IC 4329A
• Galactic and Extragalactic Sources of Very High Energy Gamma-rays
• Discovery of a 23.8h QPO in the SWIFT light curve of XMMU J134736.6+173403
• H.E.S.S. Monitoring of PKS 2155-304 in 2015 and 2016
• Testing The Lamp-Post and Wind Reverberation Models with XMM-Newton Observations of NGC 5506
• X-ray variability analysis of a large series of XMM-Newton + NuSTAR observations of NGC 3227
• Similar phenomena at different scales: Black Holes, the Sun, Gamma-ray Bursts, Supernovae, Galaxies and Galaxy Clusters
• MALS SALT-NOT survey of MIR-selected powerful radio-bright AGN at 0<z<3.5
• Using Leaked Power to Measure Intrinsic AGN Power Spectra of Red-Noise Time Series
• Chandra Detection of Three X-ray Bright Quasars at z>5
• The lively accretion disk in NGC 2992. II. The 2019/2021 X-ray monitoring campaigns
• Broadband study of BL Lac during flare of 2020: Spectral evolution and emergence of HBL component
• A multi-wavelength view of distinct accretion regimes in the pulsating ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 1313 X-2
• Multi-year characterisation of the broad-band emission from the intermittent extreme BL Lac 1ES~2344+514
• Wavelength-resolved Reverberation Mapping of quasar CTSC30.10: Dissecting MgII and FeII emission regions
• Evidence for quasi-periodic oscillations in the optical polarization of the blazar PKS 2155-304
• Discovery of pulsation dropout and turn-on during the high state of the accreting X-ray pulsar LMC X-4
• Exploratory X-ray Monitoring of Luminous Radio-Quiet Quasars at High Redshift: No Evidence for Evolution in X-ray Variability
• Similar shot profile morphology of fast variability in cataclysmic variable, X-ray binary and blazar; the MV Lyr case
• Temporal and spectral study of PKS 0208-512 during the 2019-2020 flare
• UV to X-ray Comptonization delay in Mrk 493
• Multiwavelength Monitoring of the Dwarf Seyfert 1 Galaxy NGC 4395. II. X-ray and Ultraviolet Continuum Variability
• More variable quasars have stronger emission lines
• Long-term multi-band photometric monitoring of Mrk 501
• X-ray Intraday Variability and Power Spectral Density Profiles of the Blazar 3C 273 with XMM-Newton during 2000-2021
• Searching for Quasi-periodic Oscillations in Active Galactic Nuclei of the Chandra Deep Field South
• Is there a non-stationary γ-ray emission zone 42 pc away from the 3C 279 core?
• On the Nature of the X-ray Emission from the Ultraluminous X-ray Source, M33 X-8: New Constraints from NuSTAR and XMM-Newton
• Study of short term enhanced TeV $\gamma$- ray emission from Mrk 421 observed with TACTIC on December 28, 2014
• The Fermi-LAT view of the changing-look blazar OQ 334
• A new pulsating neutron star in the Ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 4559 X7?
• Probing the disc-jet coupling in S4 0954+65, PKS 0903-57, & 4C +01.02 with $\gamma$-rays
• Flaring activity from magnetic reconnection in BL Lacertae
• Time variability of ultra-fast BAL outflows using SALT: C IV equivalent width analysis
• Nuclear X-ray properties of the peculiar radio-loud hidden AGN 4C+29.30
• Dust Reverberation Mapping of Z229-15
• Flux-density measurements of the high-redshift blazar PSO J047.4478+27.2992 at 4.7 and 8.2 GHz with RATAN-600
• Constraining X-ray reflection in the low-luminosity AGN NGC 3718 using NuSTAR and XMM--Newton
• The nature of the broadband X-ray variability in the dwarf Seyfert galaxy NGC 4395
• Optical polarization properties of February 2010 outburst of the blazar Mrk 421
• A Study of the 20 Day Superorbital Modulation in the High-Mass X-ray Binary IGR J16493-4348
• Complex UV/X-ray variability of 1H~0707-495
• Reversibility of time series: revealing the hidden messages in X-ray binaries and cataclysmic variables
• X-ray time delays from the Seyfert 2 galaxy IRAS 18325-5926
• Novel bivariate autoregressive model for predicting and forecasting irregularly observed time series
• Search for X-ray Quasi-periodicity of six AGNs using Gaussian Process method
• X-ray Variability of SS 433: Evidence for Supercritical Accretion
• Spectral state transitions in Circinus ULX5
• Catching profound optical flares in blazars
• Investigating the nature of the ultraluminous X-ray sources in the galaxy NGC 925
• Pulse Profile Modelling of Thermonuclear Burst Oscillations II: Handling variability
• Multiwavelength variability of the blazar AO 0235+164
• From Radio to TeV: The surprising Spectral Energy Distribution of AP Librae
• Rapidly varying accretion and AGN feedback
• Multiwavelength monitoring of the nucleus in PBC J2333.9-2343: the giant radio galaxy with a blazar-like core
• Swift UVOT observations of the 2015 outburst of V404 Cygni
• Multi-wavelength study of blazar 4C +01.02 during its long-term flaring activity in 2014-2017
• TESS Shines Light on the Origin of the Ambiguous Nuclear Transient ASASSN-18el
• Gamma-ray-emitting narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies: the Swift view
• X-ray reverberation lags from the 1.5 Seyfert galaxy NGC 5273
• Deviations from normal distributions in artificial and real time series: a false positive prescription
• The very faint hard state of the persistent neutron star X-ray binary SLX 1737-282 near the Galactic centre
• Disc-corona interaction in the heartbeat state of GRS 1915+105
• Extensive X-ray variability studies of NGC 7314 using long XMM-Newton observations
• Multi-wavelength study of TeV blazar 1ES 1218+304 using gamma-ray, X-ray and optical observations
• X-ray time lags in PG 1211+143
• Probing the hard and intermediate states of X-ray binaries using short time-scale variability
• RMS-Flux Relation and Disc-Jet Connection in Blazars in the Context of the Internal Shocks Model
• Connecting the X-ray/UV variability of Fairall 9 with NICER: A Possible Warm Corona
• Accretion disc-corona and jet emission from the radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy RX J1633.3+4719
• Revealing Thermal Comptonization of accretion-disk photons in IC4329A with AstroSat
• X-ray and Optical Observations of the Black Hole Candidate MAXI J1828-249
• Short-term X-ray Variability during Different Activity Phases of Blazars S5 0716+714 and PKS 2155-304
• Rms variability properties of the iron K alpha line in Seyfert galaxies
• Applying wavelet analysis to the X-ray light curves of active galactic nuclei and quasi-periodic eruptions
• NICER, NuSTAR, and Swift follow-up observations of the $\gamma$-ray flaring blazar BL Lacertae in 2020 August-October
• High-redshift quasars at $z\ge 3$: radio variability and MPS/GPS candidates
• The variability patterns of the TeV blazar PG 1553+113 from a decade of MAGIC and multi-band observations
• Multiwavelength analysis and the C IV λ1549 Å emission line behavior from 2008 to 2020 of the FSRQ B2 1633+382
• Complex optical/UV and X-ray variability in Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 509
• Investigating the superorbital modulations in 4U 1909+07, IGR J16418-4532 and IGR J16479-4514 with Swift XRT, BAT and NuSTAR observations
• Periodic X-ray sources in the Massive Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae: Evidence for Dynamically Formed Cataclysmic Variables
• Exploring the Link between the X-ray Power Spectra and Energy Spectra of Active Galactic Nuclei
• Fast Spectral Variability from Cygnus X-1
• X-ray Studies of Blazar 1ES 1959+650 Using SWIFT & XMM-NEWTON Satellite
• Quasars as Standard Candles V. Evaluation of a $\le$ 0.06 dex intrinsic dispersion in the LX-LUV relation
• Multiwavelength Observations of the Blazar VER J0521+211 During an Elevated TeV Gamma-Ray State
• The long-term broad-line responsivity in MKN 110
• The non-linear X-ray/UV relation in active galactic nuclei: contribution of instrumental effects on the X-ray variability
• X-ray luminous galaxies II. Chandra and XMM-Newton Observations of the 'composite' galaxy IRAS20051-1117
• Complex Optical/UV and X-ray Variability of the Seyfert 1 galaxy 1H 0419-577
• Signature of stochastic acceleration and cooling processes in an outburst phase of the TeV blazar ON 231
• Periodicity from X-ray sources within the inner Galactic disk
• Investigation of a small X-ray flaring event in NLS1 galaxy NGC 4051
• Detection of X-ray/UV delay in NGC 4051 using AstroSat observations
• Phase-Resolved Timing Analysis of GRS 1915+105 in Its ρ State
• The XMM deep survey in the CDF-S VIII. X-ray properties of the two brightest sources
• Highly ionized disc and transient outflows in the Seyfert galaxy IRAS 18325-5926
• Spectral variability analysis of an XMM-Newton observation of Ark 564
• A comprehensive study of 2019-2020 flare of OJ 287 using AstroSat, Swift, and NuSTAR
• Flux and spectral variability of Mrk 421 during its moderate activity state using NuSTAR: Possible accretion disc contribution?
• The flare model for X-ray variability of NGC 4258
• The inner flow geometry in MAXI J1820+070 during hard and hard-intermediate states
• Modelling variability power spectra of active galaxies from irregular time series
• Variable oxygen emission from the accretion disk of Mrk 110
• The XMM deep survey in the CDF-S. X. X-ray variability of bright sources
• Key results from an XMM-Newton and Chandra study of a new sample of extreme ULXs from the 2XMM catalogue
• Optical Continuum Reverberation Mapping of a Candidate IMBH in a Nearby Seyfert 1 Galaxy
• Changing look AGN Mrk 590: Broad line region and black hole mass from photometric reverberation mapping
• A QPO in Mkn 421 from Archival RXTE Data
• Multi-wavelength study of the short term TeV flaring activity from the blazar Mrk 501 observed in June 2014
• The ultraluminous X-ray source M81 X-6: a weakly magnetised neutron star with a precessing accretion disc?
• X-ray Flux and Spectral Variability of the Blazar OJ 287 with Suzaku
• Deconvolving X-ray Spectral Variability Components in the Seyfert 1.5 NGC 3227
• Investigation of variable star candidates in the globular cluster NGC 5024 (M53)
• X-ray spectral and timing analysis of the Compton Thick Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068
• A rapid optical and X-ray timing study of the neutron star X-ray binary Swift J1858.6-0814
• The origin of long soft lags and the nature of the hard-intermediate state in black hole binaries
• Rapid Variability of the accretion disk wind in the narrow line Seyfert 1, PG 1448+273
• Transient obscuration event captured in NGC 3227 IV. Origin of the obscuring cloud variability
• eROSITA narrowband maps at the energies of soft X-ray emission lines
• Short-Timescale Variability of the Blazar Mrk 421 from AstroSat and Simultaneous Multi-Wavelength Observations
• Insights from the first flaring activity of a high-synchrotron-peaked blazar with X-ray polarization and VHE gamma rays
• An X-ray Bright Nucleus in the Low Surface Brightness Galaxy UGC 6614
• Insights into the Long-Term Flaring Events of Blazar PKS 0805-07: A Multi-Wavelength Analysis over the 2009-2023 Period
• Long-term hard X-ray variability properties of Swift-BAT blazars
• The largest bright ULX population in a galaxy: X-ray variability and Luminosity Function in the Cartwheel ring Galaxy
• Multi-frequency Variability Study of Flat-Spectrum Radio Quasar PKS 0346-27
• Hard X-ray flares and spectral variability in NGC 4395 ULX1
• Modelling X-ray RMS spectra II: the ultra-fast outflow of PDS 456
• An 85-s X-ray quasi-periodicity after a stellar tidal disruption by a candidate intermediate-mass black hole
• The first X-ray look at SMSS J114447.77-430859.3: the most luminous quasar in the last 9 Gyr
• The puzzling symbiotic X-ray system 4U1700+24
• A hard look at the X-ray spectral variability of NGC 7582
• Is the X-ray bright z = 5.5 quasar SRGE J170245.3+130104 a blazar?
• AGN STORM 2: I. First results: A Change in the Weather of Mrk 817
• Modeling time delays in the X-ray spectrum of the Seyfert galaxy MCG-6-30-15
• Probing black-hole accretion through time variability
• A transient ultraluminous X-ray source in NGC 55
• Optical and Radio Variability of the Blazar S4 0954+658
• Characterising X-ray variability in light curves with complex sampling patterns: application to the eROSITA south ecliptic pole survey
• Long-term Swift and Metsähovi monitoring of SDSS J164100.10+345452.7 reveals multi-wavelength correlated variability
• Long-Term X-Ray monitoring of NGC6251: Evidence for a jet-dominated radio galaxy
• Coexistence of Chromatic Flares and an Achromatic QPO in the Gamma-ray Blazar PG 1553+113
• XMM-Newton --NuSTAR monitoring campaign of the Seyfert 1 galaxy IC 4329A
• Searching for Gravitational-Wave Counterparts using the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
• Variables in Globular Cluster NGC 5024
• Stellar wind variability in Cygnus X-1 from high-resolution excess variance spectroscopy with Chandra
• The X-ray Transient 2XMMi J003833.3+402133: A Candidate Magnetar at High Galactic Latitude
• Long-term optical and $\gamma -$ray variability of the blazar PKS~1222+216
• Evidence for Fe K${}_{\alpha }$ line and soft X-ray lag in NGC 7456 ULX-1
• Hard X-ray emission in Centaurus A
• Swift Monitoring Observations of Mrk 231: Detection of Ultraviolet Variability
• Constraining Energy-dependent emissivity profiles of AGN inflows
• The flickering radio jet from the quiescent black hole X-ray binary A0620-00
• Characterising continuum variability in the radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy IRAS 17020+4544
• Flickering of accreting white dwarfs: the remarkable amplitude-flux relation and disc viscosity
• Compact and variable radio emission from an active galaxy with supersoft X-ray emission
• Absorption Variability of the Highly Obscured Active Galactic Nucleus NGC 4507
• Clockwise evolution in the hardness-intensity diagram of the black hole X-ray binary Swift J1910.2-0546
• X-ray spectral and temporal analysis of Narrow Line Seyfert 1 galaxy Was 61
• Observational Signatures of Gamma Rays from Bright Blazars and Wakefield Theory
• Quantitative comparisons of VHE gamma-ray blazar flares with relativistic reconnection models
• Large-amplitude rapid X-ray variability in the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy PG 1404$+$226
• A Search for X-ray/UV Correlation in the Reflection-Dominated Seyfert 1 Galaxy Mrk 1044
• Nine years of multi-frequency monitoring of the blazar PKS 0048-097: spectral and temporal variability
• The Long-term Monitoring Results of Insight-HXMT in the First 4 Yr Galactic Plane Scanning Survey
• The Spectra of IceCube Neutrino (SIN) candidate sources -- IV. Spectral energy distributions and multi-wavelength variability
• SDSS-IV/MaNGA: Can impulsive gaseous inflows explain steep oxygen abundance profiles \& anomalously-low-metallicity regions?
• Bridging the Gap: OPTICAM Reveals the Hidden Spin of the WZ Sge Star GOTO 065054.49+593624.51
• Brightness and colour variability in NLSy1s
• BL Lacertae under the Flare of 2024: Probing Temporal and Spectral Dynamics
• Reverberation lags viewed in hard X-rays from an accreting stellar-mass black hole
• Wavelet analysis: a new significance test for signals dominated by intrinsic red-noise variability
• Digging a little deeper: characterising three new extreme ULX candidates
• High frequency breaks in optical active galactic nuclei power spectral density
• Spectral variability of IRAS 18325-5926 and constraints on the geometry of the scattering medium
• A Systematic Study of the Short-Term X-ray Variability of Seyfert Galaxies I. Diversity of the X-ray Rms Spectra
• The Chandra Local Volume Survey: The X-ray Point Source Population of NGC 404
• A blazar candidate for the Fermi source 4FGL J1848.7-0129
• An XMM-Newton catalogue of BL Lacs
• The NuSTAR view of the Seyfert Galaxy HE 0436-4717
• Long-term XMM-Newton view of magnetar CXOU J010043.1$-$721134: Comprehensive spectral and temporal results
• The Star Formation Reference Survey. IV. Stellar mass distribution of local star-forming galaxies
• Long term Ultra-Violet Variability of Seyfert galaxies
• Time domain methods for X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy
• Timescale Resolved Spectroscopy of Cyg X-1
• Characterisation of the X-ray point source variability in the eROSITA south ecliptic pole field
• Decade-long periodicity study of 2FHL blazars with historical optical data
• Multi-wavelength study of OT 081: broadband modelling of a transitional blazar
• Polarized multiwavelength emission from pulsar wind - accretion disk interaction in a transitional millisecond pulsar
• Not so Swift: 20 years of multiwavelength observations of Mrk 421 and Mrk 501
• Temporal and Spectral Variability of OJ 287 before the April--June 2020 Outburst
• H.E.S.S. discovery of very-high-energy gamma-ray emission of PKS 1440-389
• Long term variability of the blazar PKS 2155-304
• Radio/X-ray correlations and variability in the X-ray binary LS I +61°303
• The eROSITA DR1 variability catalogue
• Extracting the X-ray reverberation response functions from the AGN light curves using an autoencoder
• Broadband short term variability of the quasar PDS 456
• Accretion disc reverberation mapping of the quasar 3C 273
• Modelling the variable broad-band optical/UV/X-ray spectrum of PG1211+143: Implications for the ionized outflow
• The time-variable ultraviolet sky: Active Galactic Nuclei, Stars and White Dwarfs
• A ~1-hour X-ray periodicity in an active galaxy RE J1034+396
• Understanding the Broadband Emission Process of 3C 279 through Longterm Spectral Analysis
• Testing X-ray Reprocessing and Mapping the Soft Excess of NGC 7469 with NICER
• On the origin of multifrequency temporal and spectral variability in Ton 599
• Scalable and Robust Multiband Modeling of AGN Light Curves in Rubin-LSST
• Long-term Evolution of the Short-term X-ray Variability of the Jetted TDE Swift J1644+57
• HALO I: Photometric continuum reverberation mapping of Fairall 9
• The H.E.S.S. extragalactic sky survey with the first decade of observations
• Radio and Optical Properties of the blazar PKS 1614+051 at z=3.21
• Multiwavelength Variability Analysis of the Blazar PKS 0727-11: A $\sim$168 Days Quasi-periodic Oscillation in Gamma-ray
• Searching for supermassive black holes binaries within SRG/eROSITA-De I: Properties of the X-ray selected candidates
• XMM-Newton and NuSTAR discovery of a likely IP candidate XMMU J173029.8-330920 in the Galactic Disk
• Long-term optical flux and colour variability in quasars
• XMMU J134736.6+173403: an eclipsing LMXB in quiescence or a peculiar AGN?
• Studying accreting black holes and neutron stars with time series: beyond the power spectrum
• Rapid variability at very high energies in Mrk 501
• NuSTAR View of TeV Blazar Mrk 501
• Estimating longterm power spectral densities in AGN from simulations
• First detection of VHE gamma-ray signal from the FSRQ TON 0599
• H.E.S.S. detection and multi-wavelength study of the $z\sim$ 1 blazar PKS 0346$-$27
• An XMM-Newton look at the strongly variable radio-weak BL Lac Fermi J1544-0639
• The UV/optical Continuum Reverberation Mapping of Eight Active Galactic Nuclei with Swift: Further Evidence for the Outer Component
• Tracking optical variability and outflows across the accretion states of the black hole transient MAXI J1820+070
• VHE $\gamma$-ray observations of bright BL Lacs with the Large-Sized Telescope prototype (LST-1) of the CTAO
• Multiwavelength Observations of Markarian 421 in 2005 - 2006
• Exploratory X-Ray Monitoring of Luminous Radio-Quiet Quasars at High Redshift: Extended Time-Series Analyses and Stacked Imaging Spectroscopy
• The population of hyperluminous X-ray sources as seen by XMM-Newton
• Insights into the Long-term behavior of the optical polarization from the blazar 1ES 1959+650
• The Origin of The Soft X-Ray Excess in the Seyfert 1.5 Galaxy ESO 362-G18
• The kilo-second variability of X-ray sources in nearby galaxies
• Relentless multi-wavelength variability of Mrk 421 and Mrk 501
• Investigating the variability of Swift-BAT blazars with NICER
• Ultraviolet spectroscopy of the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820+070 across a state transition
• Probing multi-band variability and mode switching in the candidate transitional millisecond pulsar 3FGL J1544.6-1125
• AT 2021hdr: A candidate tidal disruption of a gas cloud by a binary super massive black hole system
• Variability Study and Searching for QPOs with day-like periods in the blazar S5 0716+714 with TESS
• Optimizing the hunt for extraterrestrial high-energy neutrino counterparts
• The X-ray variability of tidal disruption events
• Multiwavelength astrophysics of the blazar OJ 287 and the project MOMO
• Study of Intra-Day Flux Distributions of Blazars Using XMM-Newton Satellite
• Modelling the energy dependent X-ray variability of Mrk 335
• Study of optical and gamma-ray long-term variability in blazars
• Multi-wavelength observations of the Blazar 4C +28.07
• Broadband Spectro-temporal Study on Blazar TXS 1700+685
• Multiwavelength spectral and temporal analysis of VHE Blazar 1ES 1959+650: Tracing emission mechanisms across flux states
• Long term lightcurve of the BL Lac object 1ES 0229+200 at TeV energies
• Hard X-ray view of two $\gamma$-ray detected low-luminosity active galactic nuclei: NGC 315 and NGC 4261
• X-ray Observations of 1ES 1959+650 in its high activity state in 2016-2017 with AstroSat and Swift
• PKS 2155-304: Long-Term Optical Photometric Monitoring and Variability Analysis
• Searching for unresolved massive black hole pairs through AGN photometric variability
• Gamma-ray flares from the jet of the blazar CTA 102 in 2016-2018
• Flickers, Bursts, and Dips: Detecting Rapid Variability with the g(2) Autocorrelation Function
• Intensive X-ray/UVOIR continuum reverberation mapping of the Seyfert AGN MCG+08-11-11
• Probing extreme black-hole outflows on short timescales via high spectral-resolution X-ray imagers
• Unprecedentedly bright X-ray flaring in Cygnus X-1 observed by INTEGRAL
• Jet-Cocoon Geometry in the Optically Dark, Very High Energy Gamma-ray Burst 201216C
• Different Jet Dissipation Mechanisms Underlying the Variability in Blazars
• Multi-mission view of extragalactic black hole X-ray binaries LMC X-1 and LMC X-3: evolution of broadband spectral features
• Peculiar Behavior of Optical Polarization in Blazar 1ES 1959+650: Role of Jet Magnetic Field and Geometry
• Random walks around black holes and low-frequency X-ray variability
• Multiwavelength temporal and spectral study of TeV blazar 1ES 1727+502 during 2014 to 2021
• A multi-wavelength study of GRS 1716-249 in outburst : constraints on its system parameters
• The January 2010 flare of Mrk421: Insights from a stochastic acceleration model
• Intra-day variability of three Seyfert Galaxies measured with XMM-Newton
• A Ring of Fire Orphan γ-Ray Flare in the Neutrino Candidate 3C 120
• The Origin of X-ray Emission in the Gamma-ray emitting Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 1H 0323+342
• 20 years of monitoring: PKS 2155-304 and PKS 1510-089 in the eyes of Swift and Fermi. I. The case of PKS 2155-304
• 20 years of monitoring: PKS 2155-304 and PKS 1510-089 in the eyes of Swift and Fermi. II. PKS 1510-089 and comparison
• Low-frequency spectra of neutron star + OB supergiant binaries: Does wind density drive persistent and flaring modes of accretion?
• X-ray Flux and Spectral Variability of Blazar H 2356-309
• Interpreting Swift and NuSTAR Observations of the Low-Luminosity Active Galactic Nucleus NGC 4278 with Radiatively Inefficient Accretion Flows and Implications for Neutrino Emission
• Constraining $\gamma$-ray dissipation site in gravitationally lensed quasar -- PKS 1830$-$211
• Ultraluminous X-ray sources in the group-centric elliptical galaxy NGC 5813
• iid2022: A Workshop on Statistical Methods for Event Data in Astronomy
• Understanding the Nature of an Unusual Post-Starburst Quasar with Exceptionally Strong Ne V Emission
• The Bright X-Ray Source in NGC 3413
• First Search for an X-ray -- Optical Reverberation Signal in an Ultraluminous X-ray Source
• NICER Perspective on TeV Blazar Mrk~421: X-ray Variability and Particle Acceleration
• SRG/eROSITA-SDSS view on the relation between X-ray and UV emission for quasars
• Recurrent Instability in LMXB Accretion Disks: How Strange is GRS 1915+105?
• Variability Selected Active Galactic Nuclei from ASAS-SN Survey: Constraining the Low Luminosity AGN Population
• Intrinsic electromagnetic variability in celestial objects containing rapidly spinning black holes
• Microvariability in BL Lac: Zooming into the Innermost Blazar Regions
• Black hole masses from X-rays
• X-ray Properties of the Luminous Quasar PG 1634+706 at z = 1.337 from SRG and XMM-Newton Data
• Optimal strategies for observation of active galactic nuclei variability with Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes
• Probing spectral variability in NGC 4490 ULX-8 over 24 years of XMM-Newton, Chandra and Swift-XRT observations
• Evidence of Heavy Obscuration in the Low-Luminosity AGN NGC 4941
• The extreme properties of the nearby hyper-Eddington accreting Active Galactic Nucleus in IRAS 04416+1215