X-ray Studies of Blazar 1ES 1959+650 Using SWIFT & XMM-NEWTON Satellite

Abstract

High synchrotron energy peaked blazar 1ES 1959+650 is studied with Swift and XMM-Newton satellite in total 127 observations during the period June 2018-December 2020. We extensively studied its flux and spectral variability on intra-day and long-term timescales. Discrete correlation function analysis between soft and hard X-ray bands indicates soft as well as hard lags. The results are used to constrain the magnetic field of the emitting region which is found to be 0.64 (0.05) Gauss. On long-term timescales, distribution of fluxes shows lognormality behaviour which could be attributed to minijets-in-a-jet model or might be due to the propagation of relativistic shocks down the jet. The spectral energy distribution around the synchrotron peak is well described by the log parabola model. Spectral parameters like peak energy E${}_p$, curvature $\beta$ and the peak luminosity L${}_p$ are derived from spectral analysis. Their correlations are studied to constrain the acceleration processes of the emitting particles. E${}_p$ shows strong correlation with L${}_p$ during the high state of the source which indicates spectral changes might be caused by the variations of the average electron energy. Low values of curvature parameter $\beta$ and a weak correlation between E${}_p$ and $\beta$ indicates co-existence of stochastic/statistical acceleration of electrons in the emitting region. Implications of other results are also discussed.

14 pages, 6 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ

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• X-Ray Spectral Variability of Thirteen TeV High Energy Peaked Blazars with XMM-Newton
• Insights into the Long-term behavior of the optical polarization from the blazar 1ES 1959+650
• X-Ray Spectral Variability of the TeV HBL Blazar PG 1553+113 with XMM-Newton
• NICER Perspective on TeV Blazar Mrk~421: X-ray Variability and Particle Acceleration