The minijets-in-a-jet statistical model and the RMS-flux correlation
arXiv:1210.2045 · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220056
Abstract
The flux variability of blazars at very high energies does not have a clear origin. Flux variations on time scales down to the minute suggest that variability originates in the jet, where a relativistic boost can shorten the observed time scale, while the linear relation between the flux and its RMS or the skewness of the flux distribution suggests that the variability stems from multiplicative processes, which are associated in some models with the accretion disk. We study the RMS-flux relation and emphasize its link to Pareto distributions, characterized by a power-law probability density function. Such distributions are naturally generated within a minijets- in-a-jet statistical model, in which boosted emitting regions are isotropically oriented within the bulk relativistic flow of a jet. We prove that, within this model, the flux of a single minijet is proportional to its RMS. This relation still holds when considering a large number of emitting regions, for which the distribution of the total flux is skewed and could be interpreted as being log-normal. The minijets-in-a-jet statistical model reconciles the fast variations and the statistical properties of the flux of blazars at very high energies.
6 pages, 6 figures, accepted in AA
References in corpus (5)
Cited by in corpus (30)
- Gamma-ray Flux Distribution and Non-linear behavior of Four LAT Bright AGNs
- Characterizing the gamma-ray long-term variability of PKS 2155-304 with H.E.S.S. and Fermi-LAT
- Flux Distribution of Gamma-Ray Emission in Blazars: The Example of Mrk 501
- Study of long-term flux and photon Index distributions of blazars using RXTE observations
- Characterization of Variability in Blazar Light curves
- Extremely rapid x-ray flares of tev blazars in the rxte era
- Particle acceleration in radio galaxies with flickering jets: GeV electrons to ultrahigh energy cosmic rays
- X-ray timing and spectral variability properties of blazars S5 0716+714, OJ 287, Mrk 501, and RBS 2070
- Broadband study of OQ 334 during its flaring state
- A numerical study of long-term multi-wavelength blazar variability
- On the determination of log-normal flux distributions for astrophysical systems
- Optical variability of the blazar 3C 371: from minute to year timescales
- Temporal and spectral study of PKS 0208-512 during the 2019-2020 flare
- Probing the disc-jet coupling in S4 0954+65, PKS 0903-57, & 4C +01.02 with -rays
- Flaring activity from magnetic reconnection in BL Lacertae
- Short-term X-ray Variability during Different Activity Phases of Blazars S5 0716+714 and PKS 2155-304
- Inverse Compton light curves of blazars under non-linear, time-dependent synchrotron-self Compton cooling
- RMS-Flux Relation and Disc-Jet Connection in Blazars in the Context of the Internal Shocks Model
- Imprint of "Local Opacity" Effect in Gamma-Ray Spectrum of Blazar Jet
- X-ray Studies of Blazar 1ES 1959+650 Using SWIFT & XMM-NEWTON Satellite
- Insights into the Long-Term Flaring Events of Blazar PKS 0805-07: A Multi-Wavelength Analysis over the 2009-2023 Period
- Blazars and Optical Depth in a non-linear, time-dependent injection and cooling scenario
- Not so Swift: 20 years of multiwavelength observations of Mrk 421 and Mrk 501
- On the origin of multifrequency temporal and spectral variability in Ton 599
- VHE -ray observations of bright BL Lacs with the Large-Sized Telescope prototype (LST-1) of the CTAO
- Study of Intra-Day Flux Distributions of Blazars Using XMM-Newton Satellite
- Minijets and Broken Stationarity in a Blazar : Novel Insights into the Origin of -ray Variability in CTA 102
- Where within the 3C 84 jet are -rays produced?
- 20 years of monitoring: PKS 2155-304 and PKS 1510-089 in the eyes of Swift and Fermi. II. PKS 1510-089 and comparison
- Reconnection-driven State Transitions in Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars