Probing the disc-jet coupling in S4 0954+65, PKS 0903-57, & 4C +01.02 with $\gamma$-rays

Abstract

We present a comprehensive variability study on three blazars, S4 0954+65, PKS 0903-57, and 4C +01.02 covering a mass range of log(M/M${}_{\odot }$) = 8--9, by using $\sim$15 years-long $\gamma$-ray light curves from \textit{Fermi}-LAT. The variability level is characterized by the fractional variability amplitude which is higher for $\gamma$-rays compared to optical/UV and X-rays emissions. A power spectral density (PSD) study and damped random walk (DRW) modeling are done to probe the characteristic timescale. The PSD is fitted with a single power-law (PL) and bending power-law models and the corresponding success fraction was estimated. In the case of PKS 0903-57, We observed a break in the $\gamma$-ray PSD at 256 days which is comparable to the viscous timescale in the accretion disc suggesting a possible disk-jet coupling. The non-thermal damping timescale from the DRW modeling is compared with the thermal damping timescale for AGNs including our three sources. Our sources lie on the best-fit of the ${\tau }_{\mathrm{damping}}^{\mathrm{rest}}-M_{BH}$ plot derived for AGN suggesting a possible accretion disc-jet connection. If the jet's variability is linked to the disc's variability, we expect a log-normal flux distribution, often connected to the accretion disc's multiplicative processes. Our study observed a double log-normal flux distribution, possibly linked to long and short-term variability from the accretion disk and the jet. In summary, PSD and DRW modeling results for these three sources combined with blazars and AGNs studied in literature favor a disc-jet coupling scenario. However, more such studies are needed to refine this understanding.

arXiv comment15 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

References in corpus (73)

• Measuring Reddening with SDSS Stellar Spectra and Recalibrating SFD
• Unified Schemes for Radio-Loud Active Galactic Nuclei
• The Swift X-ray Telescope
• The Swift Ultra-Violet/Optical Telescope
• Improved surrogate data for nonlinearity tests
• On characterising the variability properties of X-ray light curves from active galaxies
• Fast and scalable Gaussian process modeling with applications to astronomical time series
• Are the Variations in Quasar Optical Flux Driven by Thermal Fluctuations?
• Modeling the Time Variability of SDSS Stripe 82 Quasars as a Damped Random Walk
• Turbulent, Extreme Multi-Zone Model for Simulating Flux and Polarization Variability in Blazars
• Non-linear X-ray variability in X-ray binaries and active galaxies
• Measuring the broadband power spectra of active galactic nuclei with RXTE
• X-ray Spectral Variability and Rapid Variability of the Soft X-ray Spectrum Seyfert 1 Galaxies Ark 564 and Ton S180
• Quantifying Quasar Variability As Part of a General Approach To Classifying Continuously Varying Sources
• Gamma-ray Light Curves and Variability of Bright Fermi-Detected Blazars
• Fermi-LAT Observations of Markarian 421: the Missing Piece of its Spectral Energy Distribution
• Is Quasar Optical Variability a Damped Random Walk?
• The flux-dependent amplitude of broadband noise variability in X-ray binaries and active galaxies
• Generating artificial light curves: Revisited and updated
• Flexible and Scalable Methods for Quantifying Stochastic Variability in the Era of Massive Time-Domain Astronomical Data Sets
• Correlated Multi-Waveband Variability in the Blazar 3C~279 from 1996 to 2007
• A characteristic optical variability timescale in astrophysical accretion disks
• A method for the estimation of the significance of cross-correlations in unevenly sampled red-noise time series
• Fermi/LAT broad emission line blazars
• Unprecedented study of the broadband emission of Mrk 421 during flaring activity in March 2010
• Long-term optical monitoring of TeV emitting Blazars
• The 2009 multiwavelength campaign on Mrk 421: Variability and correlation studies
• Characteristic X-ray Variability of TeV Blazars: Probing the Link between the Jet and the Central Engine
• Characterizing the Gamma-Ray Variability of the Brightest Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars Observed with the Fermi LAT
• VHE gamma-ray emission of PKS 2155-304: spectral and temporal variability
• Swift and infra-red observations of the blazar 3C~454.3 during the giant X-ray flare of May 2005
• Pan-STARRS1 variability of XMM-COSMOS AGN. II. Physical correlations and power spectrum analysis
• Limitations on the recovery of the true AGN variability parameters using Damped Random Walk modeling
• Superorbital variability of X-ray and radio emission of Cyg X-1 - II. Dependence of the orbital modulation and spectral hardness on the superorbital phase
• On the jet properties of the gamma-ray loud active galactic nuclei
• Components of the Extragalactic Gamma Ray Background
• Improving Damped Random Walk parameters for SDSS Stripe 82 Quasars with Pan-STARRS1
• Stochastic Modeling of the Fermi/LAT Gamma-ray Blazar Variability
• F-GAMMA: Variability Doppler factors of blazars from multiwavelength monitoring
• Stochastic modeling of multiwavelength variability of the classical BL Lac object OJ 287 on timescales ranging from decades to hours
• Optical Variability of Narrow and Broad line Seyfert 1 galaxies
• The minijets-in-a-jet statistical model and the RMS-flux correlation
• A comprehensive power spectral density analysis of astronomical time series I: the Fermi-LAT gamma-ray light curves of selected blazars
• Extracting Information from AGN Variability
• Log-normal flux distribution of bright Fermi blazars
• Fourier Analysis of Blazar Variability
• Gamma-ray Flux Distribution and Non-linear behavior of Four LAT Bright AGNs
• The flux distribution of individual blazars as a key to understand the dynamics of particle acceleration
• Characteristic Variability Timescales in the Gamma-ray Power Spectra of Blazars
• Looking at Blazar Light Curve Periodicities with Gaussian Processes
• Gaussian Process Modeling $Fermi$-LAT $\gamma$-ray Blazar Variability: A Sample of Blazars with $\gamma$-ray Quasi-periodicities
• MAXI investigation into the longterm X-ray variability from the very-high-energy gamma-ray blazar Mrk 421
• Multi-wavelength variability study of the classical BL Lac object PKS 0735+178 on timescales ranging from decades to minutes
• Long-term optical variability of PKS 2155-304
• Supermassive black holes with high accretion rates in active galactic nuclei: X. Optical variability characteristics
• Studies in Astronomical Time Series Analysis: VII. An Enquiry Concerning Non-Linearity, the RMS-Mean Flux Relation, and log-Normal Flux Distributions
• Black hole masses and Doppler factors of $\gamma$-ray active galactic nuclei
• Possible Accretion Disk Origin of the Emission Variability of a Blazar Jet
• The detection of the blazar S4 0954+65 at very-high-energy with the MAGIC telescopes during an exceptionally high optical state
• Multiwavelength variability power spectrum analysis of the blazars 3C 279 and PKS 1510-089 on multiple timescales
• Particle diffusion and localized acceleration in inhomogeneous AGN jets - Part II: stochastic variation
• Blazar variability power spectra from radio up to TeV photon energies: Mrk 421 and PKS 2155-304
• Gaussian Process Modeling Blazar Multiwavelength Variability: Indirectly Resolving Jet Structure
• Blazar Variability: A Study of Non-stationarity and the Flux-RMS Relation
• The long-term centimeter variability of active galactic nuclei: A new relation between variability timescale and accretion rate
• Probing the gamma-ray variability in 3C279 using broadband observations
• The estimation of $\gamma$-ray Doppler factor for Fermi/LAT-detected blazars
• Study of long-term flux and photon Index distributions of blazars using RXTE observations
• A New Approach for Measuring Power Spectra and Reconstructing Time Series in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Modeling the Spectral Energy Distributions and Spectropolarimetry of Blazars -- Application to 4C+01.02 in 2016-2017
• Optical variability power spectrum analysis of blazar sources on intranight timescales
• Unveiling the broadband spectral and temporal properties of PKS\,0903-57 during its brightest flare
• Multi-wavelength study of blazar 4C +01.02 during its long-term flaring activity in 2014-2017

Cited by in corpus (3)

• Discovering the Mass-Scaled Damping Timescale from Microquasars to Blazars
• IXPE Observation of the Low-Synchrotron Peaked Blazar S4 0954+65 During An Optical-X-ray Flare
• BL Lacertae under the Flare of 2024: Probing Temporal and Spectral Dynamics