A theoretical unifying scheme for gamma-ray bright blazars

Abstract

The phenomenology of gamma-ray bright blazars can be accounted for by a sequence in the source power and intensity of the diffuse radiation field surrounding the relativistic jet. Correspondingly, the equilibrium particle distribution peaks at different energies. This leads to a trend in the observed properties: an increase of the observed power corresponds to: 1) a decrease in the frequencies of the synchrotron and inverse Compton peaks; 2) an increase in the ratio of the powers of the high and low energy spectral components. Objects along this sequence would be observationally classified respectively as high frequency BL Lac objects, low frequency BL Lac objects, highly polarized quasars and lowly polarized quasars. The proposed scheme is based on the correlations among the physical parameters derived in the present paper by applying to 51 gamma ray loud blazars two of the most accepted scenarios for the broad band emission of blazars, namely the synchrotron self--Compton and external Compton models, and explains the observational trends presented by Fossati et al. (1998) in a companion paper, dealing with the spectral energy distributions of all blazars. This gives us confidence that our scheme applies to all blazars as a class.

25 pages, 11 figures, uses mn.sty and psfig.tex. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

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• High redshift Fermi blazars observed by GROND and Swift
• Polarimetric Tomography of Blazar Jets
• COMPTEL Observations of the Gamma-ray Blazars 3C~454.3 and CTA 102 During the CGRO Mission
• The jet of the BL Lac object PKS 0521 -365 in the near-IR : MAD adaptive optics observations
• Gamma-ray Loudness, Synchrotron Peak Frequency, and Parsec-Scale Properties of Blazars Detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope
• Simultaneous Swift and REM monitoring of the blazar PKS0537-441 in 2005
• The Energy Budget in the Jet of High-frequency Peaked BL Lacertae Objects
• Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows as Analogues of High Frequency-Peaked BL Lac Objects
• First-generation Science Cases for Ground-based Terahertz Telescopes
• Intergalactic absorption and blazar gamma-ray spectra
• 150 keV Emission from PKS2149-306 with BeppoSAX
• ROXA J081009.9+384757.0: a $10^{47}$ erg/s blazar with hard X-ray synchrotron peak or a new type of radio loud AGN?
• The beaming effect and $\gamma$-ray emission for Fermi blazars
• Could a plasma in quasi-thermal equilibrium be associated to the "orphan" TeV flares ?
• The Planck-ATCA Co-eval Observations (PACO) project: the spectrally-selected sample
• A Multi-band Study of the remarkable Jet in Quasar 4C+19.44
• The synchrotron peak shift during high-energy flares of blazars
• Discovery of Very High Energy Gamma Rays from 1ES 1440+122
• 870 micron observations of nearby 3CRR radio galaxies
• A search of CO emission lines in blazars: the low molecular gas content of BL Lac objects compared to quasars
• Constraints on the location of the gamma-ray emission region for the gamma-ray-loud radio source GB 1310+487
• Quasi-simultaneous Spectroscopic and Multi-band Photometric Observations of Blazar S5 0716+714 during 2018-2019
• On the Origin and Evolution of Curvature of the Spectral Energy Distribution of Fermi Bright Blazars
• Is the plateau state in GRS 1915+105 equivalent to canonical hard states?
• The Fermi/LAT sky as seen by INTEGRAL/IBIS
• The Radio and Gamma-Ray Luminosities of Blazars
• VLBA observations of radio faint Fermi-LAT sources above 10 GeV
• Bow Ties in the Sky II: Searching for Gamma-ray Halos in the Fermi Sky Using Anisotropy
• Search for intra-day optical variability in Mrk 501
• Exploring the connection between radio and GeV-TeV gamma-ray emission in the 1FHL and 2FHL AGN samples
• Constraints on black hole massess with timescales of variations in blazars
• The Nuclear Region of Low Luminosity Flat Radio Spectrum Sources. II. Emission-Line Spectra
• A low density of the Extragalactic Background Light revealed by the H.E.S.S. spectra of the BLLac objects 1ES 1101-232 and H 2356-309
• The Intrinsic $\gamma$-ray Emissions of $Fermi$ Blazars
• The Physical Properties of Changing-look Blazars
• Dynamic changes of emitting electron distribution in the jet of 3C 279: signatures of acceleration and cooling
• Using Neural Networks to Differentiate Newly Discovered BL Lacs and FSRQs among the 4FGL Unassociated Sources Employing Gamma-ray, X-ray, UV/Optical and IR Data
• What determines the observational differences of blazars?
• Broadband X-ray observations of four gamma-ray narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies
• The influence of the magnetic field on the spectral properties of blazars
• Broadband study of BL Lac during flare of 2020: Spectral evolution and emergence of HBL component
• Locating positions of γ-ray--emitting regions in blazars
• Multi-wavelength study of Mrk 421 TeV flare observed with \emph{TACTIC} telescope in February 2010
• Jet/accretion and Unification for FSRQs/FRII and BL Lac objects/FRI radio galaxies
• X-ray and TeV Gamma-Ray Emission from Parallel Electron-Positron or Electron-Proton Beams in BL Lac Objects
• Temporal and spectral study of PKS 0208-512 during the 2019-2020 flare
• On the origin of GeV spectral break for Fermi blazars: 3C 454.3
• The jets-accretion relation, mass-luminosity relation in Fermi blazars
• Hard X-ray detection of the high redshift quasar 4C 71.07
• Evaluating Optical Classification for {\em Fermi} Blazar Candidates with a Statistical method using Broadband Spectral Indices
• X-ray spectral variations of synchrotron peak in BL Lacs
• The Fermi-LAT view of the changing-look blazar OQ 334
• Multiwavelength flaring activity of PKS1510-089
• The Intrinsic Gamma-Ray Spectrum of TXS 0506+056: Intergalactic Propagation Effects
• Jets, black holes and disks in blazars
• A Search for VHE Gamma Rays from AGNs Visible from the Southern Hemisphere
• 3EG J2027+3429 another Blazar behind the Galactic Plane
• Multi-Frequency Study of Spectral Indices of BL Lacertae Objects and Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars
• A hydrodynamical model for the FERMI-LAT gamma-ray light curve of Blazar PKS1510-089
• From the Fermi blazar sequence to the relation between Fermi blazars and gamma-ray Narrow-line Seyfert 1 Galaxies
• High energy properties of PKS 1830-211
• Multi-Wavelength Observations of the HBL Object 1ES 1011+496 in Spring 2008
• An HST/COS Observation of Broad Ly$\alpha$ Emission and Associated Absorption Lines of the BL Lacertae Object H 2356-309
• On leptonic models for blazars in the Fermi era
• The infrared-dominated jet of 3C401
• The Electron Spectrum in 3C279 and the Observed Emission Spectrum
• Intermittency and Dissipative Structures Arising from Relativistic Magnetized Turbulence
• Blazar jets launched with similar energy per baryon, independently of their power
• Blue Quasars and Blazar Unification Schemes
• IGR J12319-0749: evidence for another extreme blazar found with INTEGRAL
• X-ray Studies of Blazar 1ES 1959+650 Using SWIFT & XMM-NEWTON Satellite
• The origin of multi-TeV flares from the nearest blazar Markarian 421
• Gamma Rays From Blazars
• On the identification of the Fermi/LAT source 0FGL J2001.0+4352 with a BL Lac
• Optical variability of a newly discovered blazar sample from the BZCAT Catalog
• Radio Core-Dominance of Fermi-Blazars: Implication for Blazar Unification
• EBL effect on the observation of multi-TeV flaring of 2009 from Markarian 501
• Centrifugal acceleration of protons by a supermassive black hole
• On the external photon fields in Fermi bright blazars
• Identification of blazar candidates behind Small and Large Magellanic Clouds
• Suzaku Observations of Extreme MeV Blazar SWIFT J0746.3+2548
• Spectra and power of relativistic jets
• Photohadronic model for the neutrino and $\gamma$-ray emission from TXS 0506+056
• Boosted Dark Matter From Centaurus A and Its Detection
• Balancing Turbulent Heating with Radiative Cooling in Blazars
• Te-REX: a sample of extragalactic TeV-emitting candidates
• Powerful relativistic jets in narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies
• Blazar properties: an update from recent results
• Correlated Short-Timescale Hard-Soft X-ray Variability of the Blazars Mrk 421 and 1ES 1959+650 using $\text{AstroSat}$
• Multiple inverse Compton scatterings and the blazar sequence
• The X-ray emission of the most luminous 3CR radio sources
• Hard MeV-GeV spectra of blazars
• Photohadronic scenario in interpreting the February-March 2014 flare of 1ES 1011+496
• Constraining the redshifts of TeV BL Lac objects
• Extreme blazars
• Classifying blazar candidates from the 3FGL unassociated catalog into BL Lacs and FSRQs using Swift and WISE data
• Possible gamma-ray emission of radio intermediate AGN III Zw 2 and its implication on the evolution of jets in AGNs
• Medium-band observation of the neutrino emitting blazar, TXS 0506+056
• Synchrotron Emission from VHE Gamma-Ray Induced Pair Cascades in AGN Environments
• The high energy view of blazars
• The Spectral Sequence of Blazars - Status and Perspectives
• Using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method to study the physical properties GeV-TeV BL Lac objects
• X-ray and GeV-gamma-ray emission property of TeV Compact Symmetric Object PKS 1413+135 and Implication for Episodic Jet Activity
• The nature of the intrinsic spectra from the VHE emission of H 2356-309 and 1ES 1101-232
• Mechanism of very high energy radiation in BL Lacertae object 3C 66A
• Existence of Large Scale Synchrotron X-ray Jets in Radio-loud Active Galactic Nuclei
• On the radiation energy density in the jet of high-energy emitting BL Lac objects and its impact on their multi-messenger role
• Stochastic acceleration in Extreme TeV BL Lacs through MCMC
• The radio structure of ultra-high-energy synchrotron peak BL Lacs
• Temporal and Spectral Study of PKS B1222+216 Flares in 2014
• K2 Optical Emission from OJ 287 and Other Gamma-Ray Blazars on Hours-to-Weeks Timescales from 2014-2018
• A new look at the extragalactic Very High Energy sky: searching for TeV-emitting candidates among the X-ray bright, non-Fermi detected blazar population
• On the influence of a Hybrid Thermal-Non thermal distribution in the Internal Shocks model for blazars
• Awakening of The High Redshift Blazar CGRaBS J0809+5341
• The `blazar sequence' in TeV band
• Spectroscopic Monitoring of Blazar S5 0716+714: Brightness-Dependent Spectral Behavior
• Photon and neutrino emission from active galactic nuclei
• The relation between optical and $\gamma$-ray emission in BL Lac sources
• Patterns of variability in gamma-ray blazars
• Two active states of the narrow-line gamma-ray-loud AGN GB 1310+487
• Contemporaneous broadband observations of three high-redshift BL Lac Objects
• An XMM-Newton catalogue of BL Lacs
• $R$-band host galaxy contamination of TeV $\gamma$-ray blazar Mrk 501: effects of the aperture size and seeing
• Phase-transient hierarchical turbulence as an energy correlation generator of blazar light curves
• Extragalactic Gamma--Rays: Gamma Ray Bursts and Blazars
• Revisiting Correlations Between Broad-Line and Jet Emission Variations for AGNs: 3C 120 and 3C 273
• Transient QPOs of Fermi-LAT blazars under the Curved Jet Model
• Multiwavelength analysis of brightness variations of 3C~279: Probing the relativistic jet structure and its evolution
• Observations of very high energy gamma-ray emission from AGNs with the ground-based EAS arrays
• SDSS spectroscopy for blazars in the $Fermi$ LAT bright AGN sample
• The synchrotron component study in a spectral energy distribution of blazars
• Central Engine and Spectral Energy Distribution Properties of High Redshift Gamma Ray Blazars
• A numerical study on the role of instabilities on multi-wavelength emission signatures of blazar jets
• The Accretion Properties and Jet Mechanisms for the Low-Excitation Radio Galaxies
• Jet physics of accreting super-massive black holes in the era of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
• Use of Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) Detectors for an Advanced X-ray Monitor
• Is BZB J1450+5201 the most distant $\gamma$-ray BL Lacertae object?
• Optical identification of radio-loud active galactic nuclei in the ROSAT-Green-Bank sample with SDSS spectroscopy
• On the Evolution of Seyfert galaxies, BL Lacertae objects and Flat-spectrum radio quasars
• Analyzing the gamma-ray activity of neutrino emitter candidates: comparing TXS 0506+056 with other blazars
• On the Unified View of Extragalactic Sources based on their Broadband Emission Properties
• Extragalactic jets on subpc and large scales
• Redshift constrain of BL Lac PKS 1424+240
• Multi-messenger emission from the parsec-scale jet of the flat-spectrum radio quasar PKS 1502+106 coincident with high-energy neutrino IceCube-190730A
• Emission and power of blazar jets
• Blazar Anti-Sequence of Spectral Variability for Individual TeV Blazars
• An XMM-Newton look at the strongly variable radio-weak BL Lac Fermi J1544-0639
• First detection of VHE gamma-ray signal from the FSRQ TON 0599
• Disentangling the nature of the prototype radio weak BL Lac: Contemporaneous multifrequency observations of WISE J141046.00 + 740511.2
• X-ray Observations of 1ES 1959+650 in its high activity state in 2016-2017 with AstroSat and Swift
• Modeling Fermi Large Area Telescope and Multiwavelength Data from Blazars
• A photohadronic interpretation of the H.E.S.S. afterglow observations from GRB 221009A
• Properties and Possible Physical Origins of $\gamma$-ray Emission in Extreme Synchrotron Blazars
• A Radio Changing-state Jet in the Narrow-line Seyfert 1 Galaxy J1105+1452
• From Equipartition to Curvature: The Spectral Evolution of 4FGL Blazars
• Active Galactic Nuclei - the Physics of Individual Sources and the Cosmic History of Formation and Evolution
• Investigating possible unification of Seyfert galaxies and blazars in Fermi-LAT sample
• Searches for very high energy gamma rays from blazars with CANGAROO-III telescope in 2005-2009
• Jets from subpc to kpc scale
• A Panchromatic View of Relativistic Jets in Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies
• The Gamma-ray bright BL Lac object RX J1211+2242
• Feature Selection for Classification of Blazars Based on Optical Photometric and Polarimetric Time-Series Data
• Internal shocks in microquasar jets with a continuous Lorentz factor modulation
• The blazar sequence 2.0
• Constraining the $\gamma$-ray Emission Region for Fermi-Detected FSRQs by the Seed Photon Approach
• Hunting for the nature of the enigmatic narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy PKS 2004-447
• Optical Monitoring and Long-term Optical Spectral Variability of BL Lacertae Object S5 0716+714
• A Physical Model for the Revised Blazar Sequence
• Exploring the bulk of the BL Lac object population. II. Gamma-ray properties
• Constraining the synchrotron peak and estimating the VHE brightness of a sample of extreme high synchrotron peak blazars
• Gamma-ray emission from AGNs
• NICER Perspective on TeV Blazar Mrk~421: X-ray Variability and Particle Acceleration
• On the origin of mid-infrared colors in $\gamma$-ray blazars
• Classification of blazars based on data-driven approaches
• Applying Relativistic Reconnection to Blazar Jets
• Temporary EHBL-like behavior of Markarian 501 during July 2014 VHE flaring
• Time Domain Astronomy with the THESEUS Satellite
• Jets from compact objects
• What we talk about when we talk about blazars?
• $L_{\mathrm{syn}}-E_{\mathrm{syn},\mathrm{p}}-\delta$ relation in Active Galactic Nucleus Jets and Implication for the physical origin of the $L_{\mathrm{p}}-E_{\mathrm{p},\mathrm{z}}-{\Gamma }_0$ relation of Gamma-Ray Bursts
• On the radio and GeV-TeV gamma-ray emission connection in Fermi blazars
• Extragalactic Searches for Dark Matter Annihilation