A simplified view of blazars: contribution to the X-ray and gamma-ray cosmic backgrounds

Abstract

The "blazar simplified view" is a new paradigm that explains well the diverse statistical properties of blazars observed over the entire electromagnetic spectrum on the basis of minimal assumptions on blazars' physical and geometrical properties. In this paper, the fourth in a series, we extend the predictions of this paradigm below the sensitivity of existing surveys and estimate the contribution of blazars to the X-ray and gamma-ray extragalactic backgrounds. We find that the integrated light from blazars can explain up to 100% of the cosmic background at energies larger than ~10 GeV, and contribute ~40 to 70% of the gamma-ray diffuse radiation between 100 MeV and 10 GeV. The contribution of blazars to the X-ray background, between 1 and 50 keV, is approximately constant and of the order of 4-5%. On the basis of an interpolation between the estimated flux at X-ray and gamma-ray energies we can expect that the contribution of blazars raises to ~10% at 100 keV, and continues to increase with energy until it becomes the dominant component at a few MeV. Finally, we show that a strong dependence of the synchrotron peak frequency on luminosity, as postulated by the "blazar sequence", is ruled out by the observational data as it predicts a gamma-ray background above a few GeV that is far in excess of the observed value.

6 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

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• Optical spectroscopy of Blazars for the Cherenkov Telescope Array
• Searching for $\gamma$-ray signature in WHSP blazars: Fermi-LAT detection of 150 excess signal in the 0.3-500 GeV band
• Nonthermal processes in hot accretion flows onto supermassive black holes: An inhomogeneous model
• Extreme & High Synchrotron Peak Blazars beyond 4FGL: The 2BIGB $\gamma$-ray catalogue
• Machine Learning applied to Multifrequency Data in Astrophysics: Blazar Classification
• Optical Spectroscopy of Blazars for the Cherenkov Telescope Array -- II
• Cluster analysis of the Roma-BZCAT blazars
• A Systematic Search for Spectral Hardening in Blazar Flares with the Fermi-Large Area Telescope
• Testing the Blazar Sequence with Spectra of Recently Discovered Dim Blazars from the Fermi Unassociated Catalog
• Impacts of Voids, Line of Sight Interactions, and Local Emission Environment on Detectability of Gamma-Ray AGN