Constraining the synchrotron peak and estimating the VHE brightness of a sample of extreme high synchrotron peak blazars

Abstract

We present the results of a multi-wavelength study of a population of X-ray bright ($\log ({\mathrm{F}}_{0.2-12\mathrm{keV}})>-12.5$), non-$\gamma$-ray detected high and extreme high synchrotron peak (HSP, EHSP; $\log ({\nu }_{\mathrm{peak},\mathrm{Hz}})>16$) BL Lacs to $i$) put stronger constraints on the synchrotron peak location and shape and $ii$) model their expected behaviour in the very high-energy band. First, we performed an X-ray spectral analysis, using XMM-Newton, Chandra, Swift-XRT, and eROSITA data, and fitting the spectra using both a power law and a log parabola model. Out of 78 sources in the initial sample, 17 were best described by a log parabola model, a result that supports a scenario where the synchrotron peak falls in the X-ray band. Among these 17 sources, we further selected the 10 objects dominated by the jet emission, with no significant contamination of the host galaxy. We performed a $\gamma$-ray analysis of \lat\ data for these objects, obtaining upper limits providing information on their flux in the 100 MeV - 300 GeV energy range. We then modelled the broadband SED of these objects with JetSeT using two models: one assuming a log parabola for the electron distribution and the other one with a broken power law electron distribution, using parameters consistent with those describing the emission of the prototypical EHSP 1ES 0229+200. We found the models to be generally consistent with the available multi-wavelength detections and upper limits. Furthermore, they confirmed that a subsample of sources could display relevant emission in the TeV energy range, even potentially reaching the threshold for detectability by the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory.

arXiv comment21 pages, 17 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A

References in corpus (51)

• Array Programming with NumPy
• The Astropy Project: Sustaining and Growing a Community-oriented Open-source Project and the Latest Major Release (v5.0) of the Core Package
• The Leiden/Argentine/Bonn (LAB) Survey of Galactic HI: Final data release of the combined LDS and IAR surveys with improved stray-radiation corrections
• Methods and results of an automatic analysis of a complete sample of Swift-XRT observations of GRBs
• The Spectral Energy Distribution of Fermi bright blazars
• An online repository of Swift/XRT light curves of GRBs
• A theoretical unifying scheme for gamma-ray bright blazars
• The eROSITA X-ray telescope on SRG
• An Overview of the Performance and Scientific Results from the Chandra X-Ray Observatory (CXO)
• The Connection between X-ray- and Radio-Selected BL Lacertae Objects
• Incremental Fermi Large Area Telescope Fourth Source Catalog
• The major upgrade of the MAGIC telescopes, Part II: A performance study using observations of the Crab Nebula
• Canonical high power blazars
• Constraints on the Physical Parameters of TeV Blazars
• The power of blazar jets
• The 1% Concordance Hubble Constant
• The SRG X-ray orbital observatory, its telescopes and first scientific results
• The XMM-Newton serendipitous survey IX. The fourth XMM-Newton serendipitous source catalogue
• The SRG/eROSITA all-sky survey: First X-ray catalogues and data release of the western Galactic hemisphere
• The 5th edition of the Roma-BZCAT. A short presentation
• Modeling the Emission Processes in Blazars
• Swift observations of the very intense flaring activity of Mrk 421 during 2006: I. Phenomenological picture of electron acceleration and predictions for the MeV/GeV emission
• Stochastic Acceleration and the Evolution of Spectral Distributions in SSC Sources: A Self Consistent Modeling of Blazars' Flares
• On the use of C-stat in testing models for X-ray spectra
• 2SXPS: An improved and expanded Swift X-ray telescope point source catalog
• Radiative Processes in High Energy Astrophysics
• An observational determination of the evolving extragalactic background light from the multiwavelength HST/CANDELS survey in the Fermi and CTA era
• Log-parabolic spectra and particle acceleration in blazars - II: The BeppoSAX wide band X-ray spectra of Mkn 501
• The 3HSP catalogue of Extreme & High Synchrotron Peaked Blazars
• The NuSTAR view on Hard-TeV BL Lacs
• Gammapy: A Python package for gamma-ray astronomy
• The Sedentary Multi-Frequency Survey. I. Statistical Identification and Cosmological Properties of HBL BL Lacs
• Progress in unveiling extreme particle acceleration in persistent astrophysical jets
• 2WHSP: A catalog of HE and VHE gamma-ray blazars and blazar candidates
• A new hard X-ray selected sample of extreme high-energy peaked BL Lac objects and their TeV gamma-ray properties
• 1WHSP: an IR-based sample of $\sim$1,000 VHE $\gamma$-ray blazar candidates
• An emerging population of BL Lacs with extreme properties: towards a class of EBL and cosmic magnetic field probes?
• The Blazar sequence and its Physical Understanding
• BL Lac candidates for TeV observations
• Flat-Spectrum Radio Quasars from SDSS DR3 Quasar Catalogue
• X-ray and TeV emissions from High Frequency Peaked BL Lacs
• The Open Universe VOU-Blazars tool
• {\it Fermi}-LAT Stacking Analysis Technique: An Application to Extreme Blazars and Prospects for their CTA Detection
• TeV-peaked candidate BL Lac objects
• The first hard X-ray spectral catalogue of Blazars observed by NuSTAR
• AM${}^3$: An Open-Source Tool for Time-Dependent Lepto-Hadronic Modeling of Astrophysical Sources
• LeHaMoC: a versatile time-dependent lepto-hadronic modeling code for high-energy astrophysical sources
• Extreme & High Synchrotron Peak Blazars beyond 4FGL: The 2BIGB $\gamma$-ray catalogue
• Hiding in Plain Sight - Recovering Clusters of Galaxies with the Strongest AGN in Their Cores
• Ultra-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy
• A new look at the extragalactic Very High Energy sky: searching for TeV-emitting candidates among the X-ray bright, non-Fermi detected blazar population