Correlated Short-Timescale Hard-Soft X-ray Variability of the Blazars Mrk 421 and 1ES 1959+650 using $\text{AstroSat}$

Abstract

We study simultaneous soft ($0.7-7$ keV) and hard ($7-20$ keV) X-ray light curves at a total of eight epochs during $2016-2019$ of two TeV blazars Mrk 421 and 1ES 1959+650 observed by the SXT and LAXPC instruments onboard AstroSat. The light curves are $45-450$ ks long and may be sampled with time bins as short as $600-800$ sec with high signal to noise ratio. The blazars show a harder when brighter trend at all epochs. Discrete cross-correlation functions indicate that the hard and soft X-ray variability are strongly correlated. The time lag is consistent with zero in some epochs, and indicates hard or soft lag of a few hours in the rest. In the leptonic model of blazar emission, soft lag may be due to slower radiative cooling of lower energy electrons while hard lag may be caused by gradual acceleration of the high energy electrons emitting at the hard X-ray band. Assuming the above scenario and the value of the Doppler factor ($\delta$) to be $10-20$, the hard and soft lags may be used to estimate the magnetic field to be $\sim 0.1$ Gauss and the acceleration parameter to be $\sim 10^4$ in the emission region. Due to the availability of the high time resolution ($\sim$ minutes to hours) light curves from AstroSat, the value of the illusive acceleration parameter could be estimated, which provides a stringent constraint on the theories of particle acceleration in blazar jets.

13 Pages, 4 Figures, 3 Tables, Accepted on July 10, 2023 in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS)

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Cited by in corpus (2)

• Exploring the disc-jet scenario in 3C 273 using simultaneous XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations
• X-ray Fourier lag-frequency spectra modulated by stochastic turbulent acceleration in the jets of high-frequency-peaked BL Lac