X-ray reverberation around accreting black holes

Abstract

Luminous accreting stellar mass and supermassive black holes produce power-law continuum X-ray emission from a compact central corona. Reverberation time lags occur due to light travel time-delays between changes in the direct coronal emission and corresponding variations in its reflection from the accretion flow. Reverberation is detectable using light curves made in different X-ray energy bands, since the direct and reflected components have different spectral shapes. Larger, lower frequency, lags are also seen and are identified with propagation of fluctuations through the accretion flow and associated corona. We review the evidence for X-ray reverberation in active galactic nuclei and black hole X-ray binaries, showing how it can be best measured and how it may be modelled. The timescales and energy-dependence of the high frequency reverberation lags show that much of the signal is originating from very close to the black hole in some objects, within a few gravitational radii of the event horizon. We consider how these signals can be studied in the future to carry out X-ray reverberation mapping of the regions closest to black holes.

arXiv comment72 pages, 32 figures. Accepted for publication in The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review. Corrected for mostly minor typos, but in particular errors are corrected in the denominators of the covariance and rms spectrum error equations (Eqn. 14 and 15)

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• The origin of long soft lags and the nature of the hard-intermediate state in black hole binaries
• Can warm absorbers be driven by ultra-fast outflows?
• Spectral-Timing Analysis of the Lower kHz QPO in the Low-Mass X-ray Binary Aquila X-1
• Revealing the intrinsic X-ray reverberation lags in IRAS 13224-3809 through the Granger causality test
• The inner flow geometry in MAXI J1820+070 during hard and hard-intermediate states
• Magnetohydrodynamic numerical simulation of the outflows driven by magnetic field and radiation force from the corona above a thin disk
• Observations of X-ray reverberation around black holes
• Machine learning application to detect light echoes around black holes
• A nearby luminous AGN sample optically selected from Hubble Space Telescope (HST)
• The evolution of the UV/optical lag spectrum of NGC 7469 seen by the Liverpool Telescope
• A rapid optical and X-ray timing study of the neutron star X-ray binary Swift J1858.6-0814
• Fourier time lags in the dwarf nova SS Cygni
• Detection of a strong ~2.5 Hz modulation in the Newly Discovered Millisecond Pulsar MAXI J1816-195
• Effects of the refractive index of the X-ray corona on the emission lines in AGN
• AGN STORM 2: I. First results: A Change in the Weather of Mrk 817
• Probing black-hole accretion through time variability
• Density calculations of NGC 3783 warm absorbers using a time-dependent photoionization model
• Evidence for a dynamic corona in the short-term time lags of black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820+070
• Evidence for Fe K${}_{\alpha }$ line and soft X-ray lag in NGC 7456 ULX-1
• AstroSat Observation of 2016 Outburst of H 1743-322
• The role of outflows in black-hole X-ray binaries
• Constraining Energy-dependent emissivity profiles of AGN inflows
• Characterising continuum variability in the radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy IRAS 17020+4544
• Discovery of hard phase lags in the pulsed emission of GRO J1744-28
• The inner structure and thermodynamics of a thin accretion disc
• Reverberation lags viewed in hard X-rays from an accreting stellar-mass black hole
• Kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations in neutron-star X-ray binaries: Flattening of the lag spectrum with increasing luminosity
• The Low Temperature Corona in ESO 511$-$G030 Revealed by NuSTAR and XMM-Newton
• X-ray reverberation models of the disc wind in ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 5408 X-1
• Constraining X-ray emission of magnetically arrested disk (MAD) by radio-loud AGNs with extreme ultraviolet (EUV) deficit
• Studying temporal variability of GRS1739-278 during the 2014 outburst
• Fast X-ray/IR observations of the black hole transient Swift~J1753.5--0127: from an IR lead to a very long jet lag
• A Systematic Study of the Short-Term X-ray Variability of Seyfert Galaxies I. Diversity of the X-ray Rms Spectra
• Effects of ultra-fast outflows on X-ray time lags in AGN
• X-ray polarimetry-timing
• Active galactic nuclei feedback at parsec scale
• A QPO in NGC 4945 from Archival RXTE Data
• Modeling fast X-ray variability around an accreting black hole
• Detection of Asymmetry in the Narrow Fe K$\alpha$ Emission Line in MCG-5-23-16 with Chandra
• Fourier Domain
• Variable QPO lags and reduced coherence between the disc and corona in MAXI J1820+070
• Multi-epoch X-ray spectral analysis of Centaurus A: revealing new constraints on iron emission line origins
• Long-term Evolution of the Short-term X-ray Variability of the Jetted TDE Swift J1644+57
• Effect of radiation drag on the line-force-driven winds
• Extracting the X-ray reverberation response functions from the AGN light curves using an autoencoder
• Modeling the upper kHz QPOs of 4U 1728-34 with X-ray reverberation
• GRMHD simulations of BH activation by small scale magnetic loops: Formation of striped jets and active coronae
• Black holes: accretion processes in X-ray binaries
• Gas flows in an Active galactic nuclei. I. Two-phase gas inflow
• Safety first: Stability and dissipation of line-tied force-free flux tubes in magnetized coronae
• Magnetic Reconnection as a Potential Driver of X-ray Variability in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Sub-second variability in black-hole X-ray binary jets
• Probing the Bardeen-Petterson effect in tidal disruption events with spectral line reverberation mapping
• Possible Coronal Geometry in the Hard and Soft State of Black Hole X-ray Binaries from MONK Simulations
• Accretion with two-phase gas supply and its application in black hole X-ray binaries
• Tests of General Relativity using black hole X-ray data
• Untangling the Complex Nature of AGN Variability with Fairall 9
• Strong X-ray Variability of I Zwicky 1: Obscuration from Clumpy Accretion-Disk Winds
• Accretion Geometry of Black Hole X-ray Binaries: Insights from X-ray Observations
• X-ray time lag evaluation of MAXI J1820+070 with a differential cross-correlation analysis
• X-ray polarization in radio-quiet AGN: Insights from the wedge corona model using Monte Carlo simulations
• Hard X-ray Polarimetry -- An overview of the method, science drivers and recent findings
• The FeK$\alpha$ Compton shoulder in accreting Supermassive Black Holes
• Dual-sided Charge-Coupled Devices
• Numerical simulations of the line-force-driven winds from active galactic nuclei: The special relativistic effects
• Modeling of High-Frequency Variability in X-ray Binaries with Black Holes
• Unprecedentedly bright X-ray flaring in Cygnus X-1 observed by INTEGRAL
• Probing heartbeat oscillations from the black hole X-ray binary GRS 1915+105 using spectral-timing analysis
• The study of the circumnuclear environment of accreting supermassive black holes with realistic X-ray spectral models
• The stochastic X-ray variability of the accreting millisecond pulsar IGR J17062-6143
• Mapping the X-ray corona evolution of IRAS 13224-3809 with the power spectral density
• Lags of the KiloHertz Quasi-Periodic Oscillations in the transient source XTE J1701$-$462
• Fourier spectral-timing techniques for the study of accreting black holes
• The Origin of X-ray Emission in the Gamma-ray emitting Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 1H 0323+342