Hard X-ray Polarimetry -- An overview of the method, science drivers and recent findings
arXiv:2104.05244 · doi:10.1007/s12036-021-09769-5
Abstract
The last decade has seen a leapfrog in the interest in X-ray polarimetry with a number of new polarization measurements in hard X-rays from AstroSat, POLAR, GAP, and PoGO+. The measurements provide some interesting insights into various astrophysical phenomena such as coronal geometry and disk-jet connection in black hole X-ray binaries, hard X-ray emission mechanism in pulsars and Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB). They also highlight an increase in polarization with energy which makes hard X-ray polarimetry extremely appealing. There is a number of confirmed hard X-ray polarimetry experiments which along with the existing instruments (AstroSat and INTEGRAL) makes this field further exciting. Polarization experiments may also see a significant progress in sensitivity with new developments in scintillator readouts, active pixel sensors, CZT detectors. In particular, the advent of hard X-ray focusing optics, will enable designing of compact focal plane polarimeters with a multifold enhancement in sensitivity. In this review, we will focus on the recent polarimetry findings, science potential of hard X-ray polarimetry along with possible improvements in the measurement techniques.
arXiv commentReview article (accepted for publication in JAA)
References in corpus (114)
- The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) Mission
- The Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor
- The Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) on the Swift MIDEX Mission
- Magnetars
- The Physics of Gamma-Ray Bursts and Relativistic Jets
- Generation of Magnetic Fields in the Relativistic Shock of Gamma-Ray-Burst Sources
- The Internal-Collision-Induced Magnetic Reconnection and Turbulence (ICMART) Model of Gamma-Ray Bursts
- A jet model for the broadband spectrum of XTE J1118+480: Synchrotron emission from radio to X-rays in the Low/Hard spectral state
- X-ray reverberation around accreting black holes
- Magnetars: the physics behind observations
- Polarization of the prompt gamma-ray emission from the gamma-ray burst of 6 December 2002
- An efficient photoelectric X-ray Polarimeter for the study of Black Holes and Neutron Stars
- Two-Pole Caustic Model for High-Energy Lightcurves of Pulsars
- Polarization of prompt GRB emission: evidence for electromagnetically-dominated outflow
- Polarized Gamma-ray Emission from the Galactic Black Hole Cygnus X-1
- Magnetars: Properties, Origin and Evolution
- Science with e-ASTROGAM (A space mission for MeV-GeV gamma-ray astrophysics)
- The Cooling Behavior of Thermal Pulses in Gamma-Ray Bursts
- Linear Polarization and Proper Motion in The Afterglow of Beamed GRBs
- X-ray Polarization from Accreting Black Holes: II. The Thermal State
- X-ray Polarization from Accreting Black Holes: Coronal Emission
- Linear Polarization in Gamma-Ray Bursts: The Case for an Ordered Magnetic Field
- Detection of Gamma-Ray Polarization in Prompt Emission of GRB 100826A
- Polarization of the Crab pulsar and nebula as observed by the Integral/IBIS telescope
- Statistical Properties of Gamma-Ray Burst Polarization
- Polarization lightcurves and position angle variation of beamed gamma-ray bursts
- On the mechanism of hard X-ray emission from magnetars
- Re-Analysis of Polarization in the Gamma-ray flux of GRB 021206
- Polarisation studies of the prompt gamma-ray emission from GRB 041219a using the Spectrometer aboard INTEGRAL
- Magnetic Structures in Gamma-Ray Burst Jets Probed by Gamma-Ray Polarization
- X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Polarization in Leptonic and Hadronic Jet Models of Blazars
- A Sealed Gas Pixel Detector for X-ray Astronomy
- Gamma Ray Bursts
- Variable polarization measured in the prompt emission of GRB 041219A using IBIS on board INTEGRAL
- Magnetar outbursts: an observational review
- A Theory of Mulicolor Black Body Emission from Relativistically Expanding Plasmas
- Gamma-Ray Burst Polarization: Limits from RHESSI Measurements
- Separation of two contributions to the high energy emission of Cygnus X-1: Polarization measurements with INTEGRAL SPI
- New direction for gamma-rays
- Quasi-thermal Comptonization and gamma-ray bursts
- Thermal disc emission from a rotating black hole: X-ray polarization signatures
- Gamma Ray Bursts from Minijets
- Search for polarization from the prompt gamma-ray emission of GRB 041219a with SPI on INTEGRAL
- The Cadmium Zinc Telluride Imager on AstroSat
- Detailed high-energy characteristics of AXP 4U 0142+61 - Multi-year observations with INTEGRAL, RXTE, XMM-Newton and ASCA
- Evidence of polarisation in the prompt gamma-ray emission from GRB 930131 and GRB 960924
- Compton drag as a mechanism for very high linear polarization in Gamma-Ray Bursts
- Optical polarisation of the Crab pulsar: precision measurements and comparison to the radio emission
- QED and the High Polarization of the Thermal Radiation from Neutron Stars
- Light curves and polarization of accretion- and nuclear-powered millisecond pulsars
- Pulsed radiation from neutron star winds
- Synchrotron Polarization in Blazars
- Polarization of high-energy pulsar radiation in the striped wind model
- The polarized Gamma-Ray Burst GRB 061122
- Detailed polarization measurements of the prompt emission of five Gamma-Ray Bursts
- GRB 140206A: the most distant polarized Gamma-Ray Burst
- INTEGRAL hard X-ray spectra of the cosmic X-ray background and Galactic ridge emission
- Re-detection and a Possible Time Variation of Soft X-ray Polarisation from the Crab
- Implications of the -ray Polarization of GRB 021206
- The POLAR Gamma-Ray Burst Polarization Catalog
- On the origin of the various types of radio emission in GRS 1915+105
- Broadband X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy of the Crab Nebula and Pulsar with NuSTAR
- Magnetar Broadband X-ray Spectra Correlated with Magnetic Fields: Suzaku Archive of SGRs and AXPs Combined with NuSTAR, Swift, and RXTE
- Scientific Prospects for Hard X-ray Polarimetry
- Jet contributions to the broad-band spectrum of Cyg X-1 in the hard state
- Polarization of Thermal X-rays from Isolated Neutron Stars
- Gas Pixel Detectors for X-ray Polarimetry applications
- Prompt emission polarimetry of Gamma Ray Bursts with ASTROSAT CZT-Imager
- Investigation of charge sharing among electrode strips for a CdZnTe detector
- Phase-resolved Crab Studies with a Cryogenic TES Spectrophotometer
- Probing magnetars magnetosphere through X-ray polarization measurements
- Accretion geometry of the black-hole binary Cygnus X-1 from X-ray polarimetry
- Resonant Inverse Compton Scattering Spectra from Highly-magnetized Neutron Stars
- RHESSI as a Hard X-Ray Polarimeter
- Probing dissipation mechanisms in BL Lac jets through X-ray polarimetry
- X-Ray Polarization of Solar Flares Measured with Rhessi
- A Model of Polarized X-ray Emission from Twinkling Synchrotron Supernova Shells
- Spotting the misaligned outflows in NGC 1068 using X-ray polarimetry
- X-ray Polarization in Relativistic Jets
- Gamma-Ray Polarimetry of Two X-Class Solar Flares
- A new lepto-hadronic model applied to the first simultaneous multiwavelength data set for Cygnus X--1
- Spectral differences between the radio-loud and radio-quiet low-hard states of GRS 1915+105: possible detection of synchrotron radiation in X-rays
- Calibration of the Gamma-RAy Polarimeter Experiment (GRAPE) at a Polarized Hard X-Ray Beam
- High energy emission and polarisation limits for the INTEGRAL burst GRB 061122
- Polarimetry in the hard X-ray domain with INTEGRAL SPI
- Detection of polarized gamma-ray emission from the Crab nebula with Hitomi Soft Gamma-ray Detector
- Optimization of the Design of the Hard X-ray Polarimeter X-Calibur
- Time-resolved optical/near-IR polarimetry of V404 Cyg during its 2015 outburst
- Compton dragged gamma-ray bursts: the spectrum
- AstroSat CZT Imager observations of GRB 151006A: timing, spectroscopy, and polarisation study
- Coronal origin of the polarization of the high-energy emission of Cygnus X-1
- Spatially resolved hard X-ray polarization in solar flares: effects of Compton scattering and bremsstrahlung
- AstroSat-CZTI detection of variable prompt emission polarization in GRB 171010A
- Building Large Area CZT Imaging Detectors for a Wide-Field Hard X-ray Telescope - ProtoEXIST1
- Polarization of the Crab Nebula with disordered magnetic components
- The PoGO+ Balloon-Borne Hard X-ray Polarimetry Mission
- The Speedster-EXD- A New Event-Driven Hybrid CMOS X-ray Detector
- Violation of synchrotron line of death by the highly polarized
- Optimising a balloon-borne polarimeter in the hard X-ray domain: from the PoGOLite Pathfinder to PoGO+
- Science prospects for SPHiNX - a small satellite GRB polarimetry mission
- The Halo Occupation Distribution of Obscured Quasars: Revisiting the Unification Model
- POLAR: A Space-borne X-Ray Polarimeter for Transient Sources
- 2003-2018 Monitoring of the Crab Nebula Polarization in hard X-rays with INTEGRAL SPI
- Maximum Likelihood Compton Polarimetry with the Compton Spectrometer and Imager
- Preflight performance studies of the PoGOLite hard X-ray polarimeter
- PoGO+ polarimetric constraint on the synchrotron jet emission of Cygnus X-1
- Characterization of scatterers for an active focal plane Compton polarimeter
- Instruments of RT-2 Experiment onboard CORONAS-PHOTON and their test and evaluation III: Coded Aperture Mask and Fresnel Zone Plates in RT-2/CZT Payload
- Scattering in the inner accretion disk and the waveforms and polarization of millisecond flux oscillations in LMXBs
- Comparative study of different scattering geometries for the proposed Indian X-ray polarization measurement experiment using Geant4
- Development of a Hard X-ray focal plane Compton Polarimeter: A compact polarimetric configuration with Scintillators and Si photomultipliers
- Instrumentation and Future Missions in the Upcoming Era of X-Ray Polarimetry
- A stacked prism lens concept for next generation hard X-ray telescopes
- Broad-Band Soft X-ray Polarimetry