Applying wavelet analysis to the X-ray light curves of active galactic nuclei and quasi-periodic eruptions
arXiv:2306.14972 · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1955
Abstract
In this work, we examine the application of the wavelet transform to the X-ray timing analyses of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and quasi-periodic eruption sources (QPEs). Several scenarios are simulated to test the effectiveness of the wavelet analysis to stationary and non-stationary data. We find that the power spectral density (PSD) slope and the nature of the periodic signal can influence the ability to identify important features in the wavelet power spectrum. In general, weak and transient features can be discerned, which make the wavelet spectrum an important tool in examining AGN light curves. We carried out a wavelet analysis to four unique objects: Ark 120, IRAS 13224-3809, RE J1034+396, and the QPE GSN 069. The well-known quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) in RE J1034+396 is significantly detected in the wavelet power spectrum. In IRAS 13224-3809, significant transient features appear during a flare at frequencies coincident with previously detected reverberation signals. Finally, the wavelet power spectrum of the QPE GSN 069 significantly reveals four persistent signals that exhibit a 3:2 ratio in oscillation frequencies, consistent with high-frequency QPOs in stellar mass X-ray binaries, but we cannot rule out the possibility this is an artefact of the calculation.
arXiv comment14 pages, 14 figures, Accepted for publication to MNRAS
References in corpus (45)
- X-ray Properties of Black-Hole Binaries
- Central Masses and Broad-Line Region Sizes of Active Galactic Nuclei. II. A Homogeneous Analysis of a Large Reverberation-Mapping Database
- On characterising the variability properties of X-ray light curves from active galaxies
- X-ray reverberation around accreting black holes
- Non-linear X-ray variability in X-ray binaries and active galaxies
- Higher-Order Properties of Analytic Wavelets
- Nine-hour X-ray quasi-periodic eruptions from a low-mass black hole galactic nucleus
- Generating artificial light curves: Revisited and updated
- X-ray variability of 104 active galactic nuclei. XMM-Newton power-spectrum density profiles
- The Vertical Structure of the Outer Milky Way HI Disk
- Evidence for Harmonic Relationships in the High Frequency QPOs of XTE J1550-564 and GRO J1655-40
- Element analysis: a wavelet-based method for analyzing time-localized events in noisy time series
- Periodic Oscillations in the Intra-day Optical Light Curves of the Blazar S5 0716+714
- ROSAT monitoring of persistent giant and rapid variability in the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy IRAS 13224-3809
- Long XMM observation of the Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 galaxy IRAS13224-3809: rapid variability, high spin and a soft lag
- Prevalence of X-ray variability in the Chandra Deep Field South
- The 1.5 Ms Observing Campaign on IRAS 13224-3809: X-ray Spectral Analysis I
- Repeating tidal disruptions in GSN 069: Long-term evolution and constraints on quasi-periodic eruptions' models
- Fractal Markets Hypothesis and the Global Financial Crisis: Wavelet Power Evidence
- RE J1034+396: The origin of the soft X-ray excess and QPO
- A dynamic black hole corona in an active galaxy through X-ray reverberation mapping
- Revealing the X-ray source in IRAS 13224-3809 through flux-dependent reverberation lags
- The soft X-ray emission of Ark 120. XMM-Newton, NuSTAR, and the importance of taking the broad view
- An RXTE Survey of Long-Term X-ray Variability in Seyfert 1 Galaxies
- A reflection origin for the soft and hard X-ray excess of Ark 120
- A disk instability model for the quasi-periodic eruptions of GSN 069
- The remarkable X-ray variability of IRAS 13224-3809 I: The variability process
- The rapid X-ray variability of NGC 4051
- The relationship between the X-ray variability and the central black hole mass
- Wavelets: a powerful tool for studying rotation, activity, and pulsation in Kepler and CoRoT stellar light curves
- Eleven years of monitoring the Seyfert 1 Mrk 335 with Swift: Characterizing the X-ray and UV/optical variability
- The X-ray variability of the Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 galaxy IRAS 13224-3809 from an XMM-Newton observation
- Possible ~ 1 hour quasi-periodic oscillation in narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy MCG--06--30--15
- Wavelet analysis of a large sample of AGN at high radio frequencies
- Re-observing the NLS1 Galaxy RE J1034+396. II. New Insights on the Soft X-ray Excess, QPO and the Analogy with GRS 1915+105
- Re-observing the NLS1 Galaxy RE J1034+396. I. the Long-term, Recurrent X-ray QPO with a High Significance
- A 10-day ASCA Observation of the Narrow-line Seyfert~1 galaxy IRAS 13224-3809
- Explaining the moderate UV/X-ray correlation in AGN
- Wavelet-Based Characterization of Small-Scale Solar Emission Features at Low Radio Frequencies
- Non-stationary variability in accreting compact objects
- Long term X-Ray Observations of Seyfert 1 Galaxy Ark 120: On the origin of soft-excess
- Long-term X-ray Variability of Ultraluminous X-ray Sources
- Wavelet and R/S analysis of the X-ray flickering of cataclysmic variables
- Wavelet analysis of the transient QPOs in MAXI J1535571 with Insight-HXMT
- Improving IGM temperature constraints using wavelet analysis on high-redshift quasars