X-ray spectral and timing analysis of the Compton Thick Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068

Abstract

We present the timing and spectral analysis of the Compton Thick Seyfert 2 active galactic nuclei NGC 1068 observed using {\it NuSTAR} and {\it XMM-Newton}. In this work for the first time we calculated the coronal temperature ($\mathrm{k}{\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{e}}$) of the source and checked for its variation between the epochs if any. The data analysed in this work comprised of (a) eight epochs of observations with {\it NuSTAR} carried out during the period December 2012 to November 2017, and, (b) six epochs of observations with {\it XMM-Newton} carried out during July 2000 to February 2015. From timing analysis of the {\it NuSTAR} observations, we found the source not to show any variations in the soft band. However, on examination of the flux at energies beyond 20 keV, during August 2014 and August 2017 the source was brighter by about 20\% and 30\% respectively compared to the mean flux of the three 2012 {\it NuSTAR} observations as in agreement with earlier results in literature. From an analysis of {\it XMM-Newton} data we found no variation in the hard band (2 $-$ 4 keV) between epochs as well as within epochs. In the soft band (0.2 $-$ 2 keV), while the source was found to be not variable within epochs, it was found to be brighter in epoch B relative to epoch A. By fitting physical models we determined $\mathrm{k}{\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{e}}$ to range between 8.46${}_{-0.66}^{+0.39}$ keV and 9.13${}_{-0.98}^{+0.63}$ keV. From our analysis, we conclude that we found no variation of $\mathrm{k}{\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{e}}$ in the source.

arXiv comment13 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

References in corpus (52)

• Unified Schemes for Radio-Loud Active Galactic Nuclei
• The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) Mission
• Fermi Large Area Telescope Fourth Source Catalog
• On characterising the variability properties of X-ray light curves from active galaxies
• Revisiting the Unified Model of Active Galactic Nuclei
• Relativistic Jets in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Calibration of X-ray absorption in our Galaxy
• Improved Reflection Models of Black-Hole Accretion Disks: Treating the Angular Distribution of X-rays
• An X-ray Spectral Model for Compton-Thick Toroidal Reprocessors
• Is the soft excess in AGN real?
• Time-integrated Neutrino Source Searches with 10 years of IceCube Data
• X-ray Spectral Variability and Rapid Variability of the Soft X-ray Spectrum Seyfert 1 Galaxies Ark 564 and Ton S180
• Ubiquitous variability of X-ray absorbing column densities in Seyfert 2 Galaxies
• On the X-ray, optical emission line and black hole mass properties of local Seyfert galaxies
• The Contribution of the Obscuring Torus to the X--Ray Spectrum of Seyfert Galaxies: A Test for the Unification Model
• X-ray Emission from Extragalactic Jets
• The X-ray spectra of Compton-thick Seyfert 2 galaxies as seen by BeppoSAX
• Testing warm Comptonization models for the origin of the soft X-ray excess in AGN
• The Nature of the Compton-thick X-ray Reprocessor in NGC 4945
• NuSTAR Spectroscopy of Multi-Component X-ray Reflection from NGC 1068
• BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey -- XII. The relation between coronal properties of Active Galactic Nuclei and the Eddington ratio
• NuSTAR catches the unveiling nucleus of NGC 1068
• Testing Comptonization models using BeppoSAX observations of Seyfert 1 galaxies
• AGN Obscuration and the Unified Model
• A NuSTAR census of coronal parameters in Seyfert galaxies
• The iron K line complex in NGC1068: implications for X-ray reflection in the nucleus
• The Soft-Excess in Mrk 509: Warm Corona or Relativistic Reflection?
• Are X-ray Emitting Coronae around Super Massive Black Holes Outflowing?
• Long-Term X-ray Variability of Typical Active Galactic Nuclei in the Distant Universe
• The high energy emission line spectrum of NGC 1068
• NuSTAR Survey of Obscured Swift/BAT-selected Active Galactic Nuclei: II. Median High-energy Cutoff in Seyfert II Hard X-ray Spectra
• Soft X-ray spectroscopy of Compton-thick Seyfert 2 galaxies with BeppoSAX
• NuSTAR Reveals the Comptonizing Corona of the Broad-Line Radio Galaxy 3C 382
• Revealing the accretion disc corona in Mrk 335 with multi-epoch X-ray spectroscopy
• X-ray Coronal Properties of Swift/BAT-Selected Seyfert 1 Active Galactic Nuclei
• Anatomy of the AGN in NGC 5548: III. The high-energy view with NuSTAR and INTEGRAL
• A Long Look At MCG-5-23-16 With NuSTAR: I- Relativistic Reflection And Coronal Properties
• High-energy monitoring of NGC 4593 with XMM-Newton and NuSTAR. X-ray spectral analysis
• Relations between phenomenological and physical parameters in the hot coronae of AGNs computed with the MoCA code
• Coronal properties of Swift/BAT-selected Seyfert 1 AGN observed with NuSTAR
• Probing the circumnuclear absorbing medium of the buried AGN in NGC 1068 through NuSTAR observations
• Fundamental X-ray Corona Parameters of Swift/BAT AGN
• Acceleration and cooling of the corona during X-ray flares from the Seyfert galaxy I Zw 1
• NuSTAR hard X-ray spectra of radio galaxies
• NuSTAR observation of Ark 564 reveals the variation of coronal temperature with flux
• Study of X-ray variability and coronae of Seyfert galaxies using NuSTAR
• Distinct High Energy Cutoff Variation Patterns in Two Seyfert Galaxies
• On Measuring the Variation of High Energy Cut-off in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Coronal temperatures of the AGN ESO 103-035 and IGR 2124.7+5058 from NuSTAR observations
• Coronal properties of the Seyfert 1 galaxy 3C 120 with NuSTAR
• The Compton Mirror in NGC 4151
• NuSTAR spectral analysis of three Seyfert galaxies: NGC 3227, NGC 5548 and MR 2251$-$178

Cited by in corpus (4)

• The Centimeter to Submillimeter Broad Band Radio Spectrum of the Central Compact Component in A Nearby Type-II Seyfert Galaxy NGC 1068
• On joint analysing XMM-NuSTAR spectra of active galactic nuclei
• A multi-wavelength view of the multi-messenger sources NGC 1068 and PKS 1502+1061
• Gamma rays as leptonic portals to energetic neutrinos: a new Monte Carlo approach