A comprehensive study of 2019-2020 flare of OJ 287 using AstroSat, Swift, and NuSTAR

Abstract

OJ 287 is a well-studied binary black hole system, that occasionally exhibits bright X-ray and optical flares. Here we present a detailed spectral study of its second brightest X-ray flare observed during 2019-2020 using archival Swift and NuSTAR observations along with ToO observations from AstroSat. The entire flaring period is divided into three states, defined as low, intermediate, and high states. The variation of hardness ratio (HR) with 0.3-10.0 keV integrated flux suggests a \enquote{softer-when-brighter} behavior, as also previously reported based on flux-index variations. Simultaneous high state X-ray spectra obtained using Swift, NuSTAR and AstroSat are very steep with a power-law index $>$2. A significant spectral change is observed in AstroSat-SXT and LAXPC spectrum which is consistent with Swift-XRT and NuSTAR spectrum. Together, optical-UV and X-ray spectrum during the high flux state, suggesting the emergence of a new high BL Lacertae (HBL) component. We have modeled the synchrotron peak with publicly available code named GAMERA for low, intermediate, and high flux state. Our modeling suggests the need of high magnetic field to explain the high state under the leptonic scenarios. Increase in the magnetic field value inside the jet could be linked to the increase in accretion rate as expected in the BH-disk impact scenario. The color-magnitude diagram reveals a \enquote{bluer-when-brighter} spectral energy distribution chromatism during the flaring period. Different chromatism or no chromatism at various occasions suggests a complex origin of optical emission, which is believed to be produced by disc impact or through synchrotron emission in the jet.

14 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables, Accepted in MNRAS

References in corpus (4)

• Swift and infra-red observations of the blazar 3C~454.3 during the giant X-ray flare of May 2005
• Multi-wavelength temporal and spectral variability of the blazar OJ 287 during and after the December 2015 flare: a major accretion disc contribution
• X-ray spectral components of the blazar and binary black hole candidate OJ 287 (2005-2020)
• Broadband study of OQ 334 during its flaring state

Cited by in corpus (4)

• MOMO VI: Multifrequency radio variability of the blazar OJ 287 from 2015-2022, absence of predicted 2021 precursor-flare activity, and a new binary interpretation of the 2016/2017 outburst
• Spectral States of OJ 287 blazar from Multi-wavelength Observations with $AstroSat$
• MOMO V. Effelsberg, Swift and Fermi study of the blazar and supermassive binary black hole candidate OJ 287 in a period of high activity
• Exploration of the origin of 2020 X-ray outburst in OJ 287