Multicolor Optical Monitoring of the Blazar S5 0716+714 from 2017 to 2019

Abstract

We continuously monitored the blazar S5 0716+714 in the optical $g$, $r$ and $i$ bands from Nov. 10, 2017 to Jun. 06, 2019. The total number of observations is 201 nights including 26973 data points. This is a very large quasi-simultaneous multicolor sample for the blazar. The average time spans and time resolutions are 3.4 hours and 2.9 minutes per night, respectively. During the period of observations, the target source in the $r$ band brightens from $14^{\mathrm{m}}.16$ to $12^{\mathrm{m}}.29$ together with five prominent sub-flares, and then first becomes fainter to $14^{\mathrm{m}}.76$ and again brightens to $12^{\mathrm{m}}.94$ with seven prominent sub-flares. For the long-term variations, we find a strong flatter when brighter (FWB) trend at a low flux state and then a weak FWB trend at a higher flux state. A weak FWB trend at a low flux state and then a strong FWB trend at a higher flux state are also reported. Most of sub-flares show the strong FWB trends, except for two flares with a weak FWB trend. The particle acceleration and cooling mechanisms together with the superposition of different FWB-slopes from sub-flares are likely to explain the optical color behaviours. A scenario of bent jet is discussed.

27 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in ApJS

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