The hypersoft state of Cygnus X-3 - A key to jet quenching in X-ray binaries?

Abstract

Cygnus X-3 is a unique microquasar in the Galaxy hosting a Wolf-Rayet companion orbiting a compact object that most likely is a low-mass black hole. The unique source properties are likely due to the interaction of the compact object with the heavy stellar wind of the companion. In this paper, we concentrate on a very specific period of time prior to the massive outbursts observed from the source. During this period, Cygnus X-3 is in a so-called hypersoft state, where the radio and hard X-ray fluxes are found to be at their lowest values (or non-detected), the soft X-ray flux is at its highest values, and sporadic gamma-ray emission is observed. We will utilize multiwavelength observations in order to study the nature of the hypersoft state. We observed Cygnus X-3 during the hypersoft state with Swift and NuSTAR in the X-rays and SMA, AMI-LA, and RATAN-600 in the radio. We also considered X-ray monitoring data from MAXI and $\gamma$-ray monitoring data from AGILE and Fermi. We found that the spectra and timing properties of the multiwavelength observations can be explained by a scenario where the jet production is turned off or highly diminished in the hypersoft state and the missing jet pressure allows the wind to refill the region close to the black hole. The results provide proof of actual jet quenching in soft states of X-ray binaries.

15 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A

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Cited by in corpus (31)

• Disk-jet coupling in the 2017/2018 outburst of the Galactic black hole candidate X-ray binary MAXI J1535-571
• Radio Frequency Timing Analysis of the Compact Jet in the Black Hole X-ray Binary Cygnus X-1
• The obscured X-ray binaries V404 Cyg, Cyg X-3, V4641 Sgr, and GRS 1915+105
• A comprehensive study of high-energy gamma-ray and radio emission from Cyg X-3
• The INTEGRAL view on Black Hole X-ray Binaries
• Photoionization Emission Models for the Cyg X-3 X-ray Spectrum
• CG X-1: an eclipsing Wolf-Rayet ULX in the Circinus galaxy
• Ultrasoft state of microquasar Cygnus X-3: X-ray polarimetry reveals the geometry of astronomical puzzle
• The stringent upper limit on jet power in the persistent soft state source 4U~1957+11
• Black holes: Timing and spectral properties and evolution
• On the apparent absence of WR+NS systems: the curious case of WR124
• Jets in the soft state in Cyg X-3 caused by advection of the donor magnetic field and unification with low-mass X-ray binaries
• A broadband radio view of transient jet ejecta in the black hole candidate X-ray binary MAXI J1535-571
• A Comparative Study of Machine Learning Methods for X-ray Binary Classification
• Microquasar Cyg X-3 -- a unique jet-wind neutrino factory?
• Investigating the mini and giant radio flare episodes of Cygnus X-3
• Eclipses of jets and discs of X-ray binaries as a powerful tool for understanding jet physics and binary parameters
• Radio emission from colliding outflows in high-mass X-ray binaries with strongly magnetized neutron stars
• Major and Minor Flares on Cygnus X-3 Revisited
• A transient ultraluminous X-ray source in NGC 55
• Fast X-ray/IR observations of the black hole transient Swift~J1753.5--0127: from an IR lead to a very long jet lag
• Strong low-frequency radio flaring from Cygnus X-3 observed with LOFAR
• The generalized hardness-intensity diagram for black hole and neutron star X-ray binaries
• Cygnus X-3 as semi-hidden PeVatron
• HAWC Search for High-Mass Microquasars
• Spectroscopic modelling of two high-mass X-ray binaries, Cyg X--3 and 4U 1538--522
• Birthplaces of X-ray emission lines in Cygnus X-3
• Relativistic hydrodynamical simulations of the effects of the stellar wind and the orbit on high-mass microquasar jets
• The constraining power of X-ray polarimetry: detailed structure of the intrabinary bow shock in Cygnus X-3
• Long-term study of the gamma-ray emission of Cygnus X-3 with MAGIC and Fermi-LAT
• A multi-wavelength study of GRS 1716-249 in outburst : constraints on its system parameters