Ultrasoft state of microquasar Cygnus X-3: X-ray polarimetry reveals the geometry of astronomical puzzle

Abstract

Cygnus X-3 is an enigmatic X-ray binary, that is both an exceptional accreting system and a cornerstone for the population synthesis studies. Prominent X-ray and radio properties follow a well-defined pattern, yet the physical reasons for the state changes observed in this system are not known. Recently, the presence of an optically thick envelope around the central source in the hard state was revealed using the X-ray polarization data obtained with Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE). In this work, we analyse IXPE data obtained in the ultrasoft (radio quenched) state of the source. The average polarization degree (PD) of $11.9\pm 0.5\%$ at a polarization angle (PA) of $94^{\circ }\pm 1^{\circ }$ is inconsistent with the simple geometry of the accretion disc viewed at an intermediate inclination. The high PD, the blackbody-like spectrum, and the weakness of fluorescent iron line imply that the central source is hidden behind the optically thick outflow and its beamed radiation is scattered towards our line of sight. In this picture the observed PD is directly related to the source inclination, which we conservatively determine to lie in the range $26^{\circ }<i<28^{\circ }$. Using the new polarimetric properties, we propose the scenario that can be responsible for the cyclic behaviour of the state changes in the binary.

9 pages, 11 figures, submitted to A&A

References in corpus (15)

• ixpeobssim: a Simulation and Analysis Framework for the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer
• Analyzing the Data from X-ray Polarimeters with Stokes Parameters
• Polarized x-rays constrain the disk-jet geometry in the black hole x-ray binary Cygnus X-1
• Design, Construction, and Test of the Gas Pixel Detectors for the IXPE Mission
• Handling Background in IXPE polarimetric data
• A weighted analysis to improve the X-ray polarization sensitivity of IXPE
• Relativistic rotating vector model for X-ray millisecond pulsars
• The nature of the hard state of Cygnus X-3
• Spectral variability in Cygnus X-3
• Gemini/GNIRS infrared spectroscopy of the Wolf-Rayet stellar wind in Cygnus X-3
• Dramatic Drop in the X-Ray Polarization of Swift J1727.8$-$1613 in the Soft Spectral State
• Near-IR and X-ray Variability of Cyg X-3: Evidence for a Compact IR Source and Complex Wind Structures
• Recovery of the X-ray polarisation of Swift J1727.8$-$1613 after the soft-to-hard spectral transition
• Photoionization Emission Models for the Cyg X-3 X-ray Spectrum
• Spectral and polarization properties of reflected X-ray emission from black hole accretion discs

Cited by in corpus (11)

• X-ray polarization from accretion disk winds
• Particle acceleration and multi-messenger radiation from Ultra-Luminous X-ray Sources: A new class of Galactic PeVatrons
• Galactic transient sources with the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory
• Prospects for Time-Domain and Multi-Messenger Science with eXTP
• Analysis and simulations of binary black hole merger spins -- the question of spin-axis tossing at black hole formation
• Spectral Analysis of Cyg X-3 using simultaneous AstroSat and Insight-HXMT Observations
• First Detection of X-ray Polarization and Its Short-term Increase Pre- and Post-Eclipse in HMXB 4U 1700-377
• Shape and ionization of equatorial matter near compact objects from X-ray polarization reflection signatures
• The constraining power of X-ray polarimetry: detailed structure of the intrabinary bow shock in Cygnus X-3
• Birthplaces of X-ray emission lines in Cygnus X-3
• Relativistic Scattering in the Funnel of Cygnus X-3