The first X-ray look at SMSS J114447.77-430859.3: the most luminous quasar in the last 9 Gyr

Abstract

SMSS\,J114447.77-430859.3 ($z=0.83$) has been identified in the SkyMapper Southern Survey as the most luminous quasar in the last $\sim 9\mathrm{Gyr}$. In this paper, we report on the eROSITA/Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG) observations of the source from the eROSITA All Sky Survey, along with presenting results from recent monitoring performed using Swift, XMM-Newton, and NuSTAR. The source shows a clear variability by factors of $\sim 10$ and $\sim 2.7$ over timescales of a year and of a few days, respectively. When fit with an absorbed power law plus high-energy cutoff, the X-ray spectra reveal a $\Gamma =2.2\pm 0.2$ and $E_{\mathrm{cut}}=23_{-5}^{+26}\mathrm{keV}$. Assuming Comptonisation, we estimate a coronal optical depth and electron temperature of $\tau =2.5-5.3(5.2-8)$ and $kT=8-18(7.5-14)\mathrm{keV}$, respectively, for a slab (spherical) geometry. The broadband SED is successfully modelled by assuming either a standard accretion disc illuminated by a central X-ray source, or a thin disc with a slim disc emissivity profile. The former model results in a black hole mass estimate of the order of $10^{10}{M}_{\odot }$, slightly higher than prior optical estimates; meanwhile, the latter model suggests a lower mass. Both models suggest sub-Eddington accretion when assuming a spinning black hole, and a compact ($\sim 10r_{\mathrm{g}}$) X-ray corona. The measured intrinsic column density and the Eddington ratio strongly suggest the presence of an outflow driven by radiation pressure. This is also supported by variation of absorption by an order of magnitude over the period of $\sim 900\mathrm{days}$.

Accepted for publication in MNRAS

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