Possible Evidence for Lorentz Invariance Violation in Gamma-ray Burst 221009A

Abstract

The preliminary detections of the gamma-ray burst 221009A up to 18 TeV by LHAASO and up to 251 TeV by Carpet 2 have been reported through Astronomer's Telegrams and Gamma-ray Coordination Network circulars. Since this burst is at redshift $z=0.1505$, these photons may at first seem to have a low probability to avoid pair production off of background radiation fields and survive to reach detectors on Earth. By extrapolating the reported $0.1-1.0$\ GeV LAT spectrum from this burst to higher energies and using this to limit the intrinsic spectrum of the burst, we show that the survival of the 18 TeV photon detected by LHAASO is not unlikely with many recent extragalactic background light models, although the detection of a 251 TeV event is still very unlikely. This can be resolved if Lorentz invariance is violated at an energy scale $E_{\mathrm{QG}}<49E_{\mathrm{Planck}}$\ in the linear ($n=1$) case, and $E_{\mathrm{QG}}<10^{-6}{E}_{\mathrm{Planck}}$\ in the quadratic ($n=2$) case (95\% confidence limits), where $E_{\mathrm{Planck}}$ is the Planck energy. This could potentially be the first evidence for subluminal Lorentz invariance violation.

5 pages, 2 figures. accepted and published in Astrophysical Journal Letters

References in corpus (9)

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• The extragalactic background light revisited and the cosmic photon-photon opacity
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• Inspecting absorption in the spectra of extra-galactic gamma-ray sources for insight into Lorentz invariance violation
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• Modeling the Extragalactic Background Light and the Cosmic Star Formation History
• Modelling the cosmic spectral energy distribution and extragalactic background light over all time
• Secondary GeV-TeV emission from ultra-high-energy cosmic rays accelerated by GRB 221009A
• Carpet-2 search for gamma rays above 100 TeV in coincidence with HAWC and IceCube alerts

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• Ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray signature in GRB 221009A
• GRB 221009A: An ordinary nearby GRB with extraordinary observational properties
• Invisible Neutrino Decays as Origin of TeV Gamma Rays from GRB221009A
• Axion-photon conversion of GRB221009A
• GRB 221009A: A light dark matter burst or an extremely bright Inverse Compton component?
• GRB 221009A Gamma Rays from Radiative Decay of Heavy Neutrinos?
• Revisiting Lorentz invariance violation from GRB 221009A
• Revisiting Tests of Lorentz Invariance with Gamma-ray Bursts: Effects of Intrinsic Lags
• Towards a model of photon-axion conversion in the host galaxy of GRB 221009A
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• Astrophysical and Cosmological Searches for Lorentz Invariance Violation
• Expected Signature For the Lorentz Invariance Violation Effects on $\gamma -\gamma$ Absorption
• Swift/UVOT: 18 Years of Long GRB Discoveries and Advances
• On Poisson Electrodynamics With Charged Fields
• Lorentz invariance violation from GRB221009A
• GRB 221009A: Spectral signatures based on ALPs candidates
• Very high-energy gamma rays from GRB 180720B and GRB 190829A with external Compton emission
• Probes for String-Inspired Foam, Lorentz, and CPT Violations in Astrophysics
• TeV afterglow from GRB 221009A: photohadronic origin?
• Spectra for Reactions in Astrophysical Electromagnetic Cascades with Lorentz Invariance Violation: The Vacuum Cherenkov Effect
• The possibility of multi-TeV secondary gamma rays from GRB221009A
• Testing new-physics scenarios with the combined LHAASO and Carpet-3 fluence spectrum of GRB 221009A: axion-like particles and Lorentz-invariance violation
• New Insights on Gamma-Ray Burst Radiation Mechanisms from Multiwavelength Observations
• A photohadronic interpretation of the H.E.S.S. afterglow observations from GRB 221009A
• Bounds on QCA Lattice Spacing from Data on Lorentz Violation
• Modeling the imprints of large-scale magnetized structures on $\gamma$-rays from extragalactic transients