Frequency-Dependent Shift in the Image Centroid of the Black Hole at the Galactic Center as a Test of General Relativity

Abstract

The inferred black hole in the Galactic center spans the largest angle on the sky among all known black holes. Forthcoming observational programs plan to localize or potentially resolve the image of Sgr A* to an exquisite precision, comparable to the scale of the black hole horizon. Here we show that the location of the image centroid of Sgr A* should depend on observing frequency because of relativistic and radiative transfer effects. The same effects introduce a generic dependence of the source polarization on frequency. Future detection of the predicted centroid shift and the polarization dependence on frequency can be used to determine the unknown black hole spin and verify the validity of General Relativity.

Submitted to ApJ Letters

References in corpus (1)

• Imaging Bright Spots in the Accretion Flow Near the Black Hole Horizon of Sgr A*

Cited by in corpus (92)

• First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole
• First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VIII. Magnetic Field Structure near The Event Horizon
• Measurement of the Kerr Spin Parameter by Observation of a Compact Object's Shadow
• First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. IV. Variability, Morphology, and Black Hole Mass
• Gravitational Lensing by Black Holes
• Probes and Tests of Strong-Field Gravity with Observations in the Electromagnetic Spectrum
• Apparent shape of super-spinning black holes
• Infrared-modified gravities and massive gravitons
• Radiative Models of Sgr A* from GRMHD Simulations
• Imaging Optically-Thin Hot Spots Near the Black Hole Horizon of Sgr A* at Radio and Near-Infrared Wavelengths
• Photon Rings around Kerr and Kerr-like Black Holes
• Testing the No-Hair Theorem with Event Horizon Telescope Observations of Sagittarius A*
• The Submillimeter Bump in Sgr A* from Relativistic MHD Simulations
• Thin accretion disks in stationary axisymmetric wormhole spacetimes
• A Fast New Public Code for Computing Photon Orbits in a Kerr Spacetime
• Black Hole Based Tests of General Relativity
• A public code for general relativistic, polarised radiative transfer around spinning black holes
• Observing the Inner Shadow of a Black Hole: A Direct View of the Event Horizon
• Black hole shadow in a general rotating spacetime obtained through Newman-Janis algorithm
• Shadows of rotating wormholes
• Evidence for Low Black Hole Spin and Physically Motivated Accretion Models from Millimeter VLBI Observations of Sagittarius A*
• Imaging the Black Hole Silhouette of M87: Implications for Jet Formation and Black Hole Spin
• Methods for detecting flaring structures in Sagittarius A* with high frequency VLBI
• Simulating the Emission and Outflows from Accretion Disks
• The Event Horizon of Sagittarius A*
• A Multi-Wavelength Study of Sgr A*: The Role of Near-IR Flares in Production of X-ray, Soft $\gamma$-ray and Sub-millimeter Emission
• Testing General Relativity with the Event Horizon Telescope
• Electromagnetic signatures of thin accretion disks in wormhole geometries
• Can accretion disk properties observationally distinguish black holes from naked singularities?
• Estimating the Parameters of Sgr A*'s Accretion Flow Via Millimeter VLBI
• Can accretion disk properties distinguish gravastars from black holes?
• Sgr A* and General Relativity
• Testing Hořava-Lifshitz gravity using thin accretion disk properties
• Towards the event horizon -- the supermassive black hole in the Galactic Center
• On The Nature of the Compact Dark Mass at the Galactic Center
• Modeling the orbital motion of Sgr A*'s near-infrared flares
• Sgr A* near-infrared flares from reconnection events in a magnetically arrested disc
• Simultaneous Multi-Wavelength Observations of Sgr A* during 2007 April 1-11
• Thin accretion disks onto brane world black holes
• Imaging the Supermassive Black Hole Shadow and Jet Base of M87 with the Event Horizon Telescope
• Thin accretion disk signatures in dynamical Chern-Simons modified gravity
• Horizon-Scale Lepton Acceleration in Jets: Explaining the Compact Radio Emission in M87
• Variations in the spectral slope of Sgr A* during a NIR flare
• Testing the No-Hair Theorem with Observations of Black Holes in the Electromagnetic Spectrum
• Tilted black hole accretion disc models of Sagittarius A*: time-variable millimetre to near-infrared emission
• Polarized NIR and X-ray Flares from SgrA*
• Prospects for testing the nature of Sgr A*'s NIR flares on the basis of current VLT- and future VLTI-observations
• The Submillimeter Polarization of Sgr A*
• The Proper Motion of the Galactic Center Pulsar Relative to Sagittarius A*
• A parameter survey of Sgr A* radiative models from GRMHD simulations with self-consistent electron heating
• Near infrared flares of Sagittarius A*: Importance of near infrared polarimetry
• Comparison of the ion-to-electron temperature ratio prescription: GRMHD simulations with electron thermodynamics
• Odyssey: A Public GPU-Based Code for General-Relativistic Radiative Transfer in Kerr Spacetime
• Measuring Spin from Relative Photon Ring Sizes
• Pulsar-Black Hole Binaries in the Galactic Center
• Constraining the Structure of Sagittarius A*'s Accretion Flow with Millimeter-VLBI Closure Phases
• Constraining the charge of the Galactic centre black hole
• The Effects of Accretion Flow Dynamics on the Black Hole Shadow of Sagittarius A${}^{\ast }$
• ALMA Observations of the Terahertz Spectrum of Sagittarius A*
• Physical laboratory at the center of the Galaxy
• Testing the No-Hair Theorem with Observations of Black Holes in the Electromagnetic Spectrum
• Effect of Electromagnetic Interaction on Galactic Center Flare Components
• Decomposing the Internal Faraday Rotation of Black Hole Accretion Flows
• Probing the innermost accretion flow geometry of Sgr A* with Event Horizon Telescope
• Images of the radiatively inefficient accretion flow surrounding a Kerr black hole: application in Sgr A*
• Dust-enshrouded star near supermassive black hole: predictions for high-eccentricity passages near low-luminosity galactic nuclei
• Unique probe of dark matter in the core of M87 with the Event Horizon Telescope
• Constraint on the black-hole spin of M87 from the accretion-jet model
• Bumpy black holes from spontaneous Lorentz violation
• The Galactic Center as a laboratory for theories of gravity and dark matter
• Black Hole Spin Signature in the Black Hole Shadow of M87 in the Flaring State
• The impact of non-thermal electrons on event horizon scale images and spectra of Sgr A*
• GRMHD simulations of visibility amplitude variability for Event Horizon Telescope images of Sgr A*
• Positron Effects on Polarized Images and Spectra from Jet and Accretion Flow Models of M87* and Sgr A*
• The intrinsic structure of Sagittarius A* at 1.3 cm and 7 mm
• A magnetized torus for modeling Sgr A* millimeter images and spectra
• Horizon-Penetrating Transonic Accretion Disks around Rotating Black Holes
• Polarization images of accretion flow around supermassive black holes: imprints of toroidal field structure
• Observational Testability of Kerr bound in X-ray Spectrum of Black-Hole Candidates
• Effect of an isotropic outflow from the Galactic centre on the bow-shock evolution along the orbit
• Testing General Relativity with High-Resolution Imaging of Sgr A*
• Black Hole Shadow with Soft Hair
• An evolving hot spot orbiting around Sgr A*
• Survey of Non-thermal Electron around Supermassive Black Holes through Polarization Flips
• Electromagnetic signatures of strong-field gravity from accreting black holes
• Electromagnetic absorption, emission and scattering spectra of black holes with tidal charge
• Reconstruction of Static Black Hole Images Using Simple Geometric Forms
• Observational signatures from higher-order images of moving hotspots in accretion disks
• Shadows of Lorentzian traversable wormholes
• Characterization of black hole accretion through image moment invariants
• PATOKA: Simulating Electromagnetic Observables of Black Hole Accretion
• Implication of spin constraints by the Event Horizon Telescope on stellar orbits in the Galactic Center