Simultaneous Multi-Wavelength Observations of Sgr A* during 2007 April 1-11

Abstract

We report the detection of variable emission from Sgr A* in almost all wavelength bands (i.e. centimeter, millimeter, submillimeter, near-IR and X-rays) during a multi-wavelength observing campaign. Three new moderate flares are detected simultaneously in both near-IR and X-ray bands. The ratio of X-ray to near-IR flux in the flares is consistent with inverse Compton scattering of near-IR photons by submillimeter emitting relativistic particles which follow scaling relations obtained from size measurements of Sgr A*. We also find that the flare statistics in near-IR wavelengths is consistent with the probability of flare emission being inversely proportional to the flux. At millimeter wavelengths, the presence of flare emission at 43 GHz (7mm) using VLBA with milli-arcsecond spatial resolution indicates the first direct evidence that hourly time scale flares are localized within the inner 30$\times$70 Schwarzschild radii of Sgr A*. We also show several cross correlation plots between near-IR, millimeter and submillimeter light curves that collectively demonstrate the presence of time delays between the peaks of emission up to three hours. The evidence for time delays at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths are consistent with the source of emission being optically thick initially followed by a transition to an optically thin regime. In particular, there is an intriguing correlation between the optically thin near-IR and X-ray flare and optically thick radio flare at 43 GHz that occurred on 2007 April 4. This would be the first evidence of a radio flare emission at 43 GHz delayed with respect to the near-IR and X-ray flare emission.

replaced with revised version 57 pages, 28 figures, ApJ (in press)

References in corpus (15)

• Monitoring stellar orbits around the Massive Black Hole in the Galactic Center
• Measuring Distance and Properties of the Milky Way's Central Supermassive Black Hole with Stellar Orbits
• Event-horizon-scale structure in the supermassive black hole candidate at the Galactic Centre
• Evidence for X-ray synchrotron emission from simultaneous mid-IR to X-ray observations of a strong Sgr A* flare
• Polarimetry of near-infrared flares from Sagittarius A*
• Flaring Activity of Sgr A* at 43 and 22 GHz: Evidence for Expanding Hot Plasma
• A Constant Spectral Index for Sagittarius A* During Infrared/X-ray Intensity Variations
• X-ray hiccups from SgrA* observed by XMM-Newton. The second brightest flare and three moderate flares caught in half a day
• Simultaneous Chandra, CSO and VLA Observations of Sgr A*: The Nature of Flaring Activity
• Near-infrared polarimetry setting constraints on the orbiting spot model for Sgr A* flares
• Simultaneous NIR/sub-mm observation of flare emission from SgrA*
• Jet-lag in Sgr A*: What size and timing measurements tell us about the central black hole in the Milky Way
• A 600 minute near-infrared lightcurve of Sagittarius A*
• Modeling mm- to X-ray flare emission from SgrA*
• The Variability of Polarized Radiation from Sgr A*

Cited by in corpus (84)

• Hot Accretion Flows Around Black Holes
• The Galactic Center Massive Black Hole and Nuclear Star Cluster
• Phase Diagram for Magnetic Reconnection in Heliophysical, Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas
• The Submillimeter Bump in Sgr A* from Relativistic MHD Simulations
• 1.3 mm Wavelength VLBI of Sagittarius A*: Detection of Time-Variable Emission on Event Horizon Scales
• Sagittarius A* Accretion Flow and Black Hole Parameters from General Relativistic Dynamical and Polarized Radiative Modeling
• The role of electron heating physics in images and variability of the Galactic Centre black hole Sagittarius A*
• A powerful flare from Sgr A* confirms the synchrotron nature of the X-ray emission
• The two states of Sgr A* in the near-infrared: bright episodic flares on top of low-level continuous variability
• Variability Timescale and Spectral Index of Sgr A* in the Near Infrared: Approximate Bayesian Computation Analysis of the Variability of the Closest Supermassive Black Hole
• Source-intrinsic near-infrared properties of Sgr A*: Total intensity measurements
• Millimeter light curves of Sagittarius A* observed during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope campaign
• Time Dependent Models of Flares from Sagittarius A*
• Fifteen years of XMM-Newton and Chandra monitoring of Sgr A*: Evidence for a recent increase in the bright flaring rate
• Tilted black hole accretion disc models of Sagittarius A*: time-variable millimetre to near-infrared emission
• An 8 hour characteristic time-scale in submillimetre light curves of Sagittarius A*
• NuSTAR detection of high-energy X-ray emission and rapid variability from Sagittarius A* flares
• The mean infrared emission of SagittariusA*
• Fast Variability and mm/IR flares in GRMHD Models of Sgr A* from Strong-Field Gravitational Lensing
• Galactic Center Research: Manifestations of the Central Black Hole
• Rapid Variability of Sgr A* across the Electromagnetic Spectrum
• Numerical Parameter Survey of Nonradiative Black Hole Accretion -- Flow Structure and Variability of the Rotation Measure
• Dynamical Imaging with Interferometry
• Concurrent X-ray, near-infrared, sub-millimeter, and GeV gamma-ray observations of Sgr A*
• Constraining particle acceleration in Sgr A* with simultaneous GRAVITY, Spitzer, NuSTAR and Chandra observations
• The X-ray Flux Distribution of Sagittarius A* as Seen by Chandra
• Collisionless accretion onto black holes: dynamics and flares
• Multiwavelength VLBI observations of Sagittarius A*
• Polarized light from Sgr A* in the near-infrared $K_s$-band
• Simultaneous X-ray and Infrared Observations of Sagittarius A*'s Variability
• The extreme luminosity states of Sagittarius A*
• A Detection of Sgr A* in the far infrared
• Statistics of X-ray flares of Sagittarius A*: evidence for solar-like self-organized criticality phenomenon
• Exploring plasma evolution during Sagittarius A* flares
• Bright X-ray flares from Sgr A*
• An Inverse Compton Scattering Origin of X-ray Flares from Sgr A*
• Multiwavelength Light Curves of Two Remarkable Sagittarius A* Flares
• Coordinated NIR/mm observations of flare emission from Sagittarius A*
• A magnetohydrodynamic model for multi-wavelength flares from Sagittarius~A${}^{\star }$ (I): model and the near-infrared and X-ray flares
• Multiwavelength study of the flaring activity of Sgr A* in 2014 February-April
• Coronal radiation of a cusp of spun-up stars and the X-ray luminosity of Sgr A*
• Unstable mass-outflows in geometrically thick accretion flows around black holes
• The Fifth Candidate for an Intermediate-mass Black Hole in the Galactic Center
• An Anomalous Quiescent Stellar Mass Black Hole
• Rapid Intrinsic Variability of Sgr A* at Radio Wavelengths
• Bayesian techniques for comparing time-dependent GRMHD simulations to variable Event Horizon Telescope observations
• A time-dependent jet model for the emission from Sagittarius A*
• A Possible Model for the Long-Term Flares of Sgr A*
• Black hole Spin Measurement Based on Time-domain VLBI Observations of Infalling Gas Cloud
• Particle acceleration by magnetic Rayleigh-Taylor instability: mechanism for flares in black-hole accretion flows
• Wisps in the Galactic center: NIR triggered observations of the radio source Sgr A* at 43 GHz
• Second Scale Submillimeter Variability of Sagittarius A* during flaring activity of 2019: On the Origin of Bright Near Infrared Flares
• The Influence of Gas Dynamics on Measuring the Properties of the Black Hole in the Center of the Milky Way with Stellar Orbits and Pulsars
• Sixteen years of X-ray monitoring of Sagittarius A*: Evidence for a decay of the faint flaring rate from 2013 August, 13 months before a rise in the bright flaring rate
• Study of the X-ray activity of Sgr A* during the 2011 XMM-Newton campaign
• Near-infrared polarimetry as a tool for testing properties of accreting super-massive black holes
• Far Infrared Variability of Sagittarius A*: 25.5 Hours of Monitoring with $Herschel$
• Simultaneous Monitoring of X-ray and Radio Variability in Sagittarius A*
• Flares and variability from Sagittarius A*: five nights of simultaneous multi-wavelength observations
• Multi-Epoch VERA Observations of Sagittarius A*: I. Images and Structural Variability
• Low angular momentum flow model for Sgr A*
• General relativistic effects and the near-infrared and X-ray variability of Sgr A* I
• Multi-wavelength Variability of Sagittarius A* in July 2019
• Probing spacetime around Sagittarius A* using modeled VLBI closure phases
• First results from a large-scale proper motion study of the Galactic Centre
• Sgr A* and its Environment: Low Mass Star Formation, the Origin of X-ray Gas and Collimated Outflow
• AzTEC Survey of the Central Molecular Zone: Data Reduction, Analysis, and Preliminary Results
• Soft gamma-ray constraints on a bright flare from the Galactic Center supermassive black hole
• Fermi LAT observations of Sagittarius A*: Imaging Analysis
• Low angular momentum flow model II for Sgr A*
• Synchrotron Blob Model of Infrared and X-ray Flares from Sagittarius A${}^{\ast }$
• Continuation of the X-ray monitoring of Sgr A*: the increase in bright flaring rate confirmed
• Radiative shock oscillation model for the long-term flares of Sgr A*
• Time Domain Filtering of Resolved Images of Sgr A*
• Occultation of the Quiescent Emission from Sgr A* by IR Flares
• Detection of a 20 minute time lag observed from Sgr A* between 8 and 10 GHz with the VLA
• Flare emission from Sagittarius A*
• General Relativistic effects and the NIR variability of Sgr A* II: A systematic approach to temporal asymmetry
• Possible evidence from the flaring activity of Sgr A* for a star at a distance of ~3.3 Schwarzscild radii from the blackhole
• Time delays between radio and X-ray and between narrow radio bands of Sgr A* flares in the shock oscillation model
• The orbit and nature of the semi-detached stellar companion of Sgr A* super-massive blackhole
• The Jet in the Galactic Center: An Ideal Laboratory for Magnetohydrodynamics and General Relativity
• Polarimetric Imaging of Sgr A* in its Flaring State
• The Core-shift of Sagittarius A* as a Discriminant between Disk and Jet Emission Models with millimeter-VLBI