Nonthermal Electrons in Radiatively Inefficient Accretion Flow Models of Sagittarius A*

Abstract

We investigate radiatively inefficient accretion flow models for Sgr A*, the supermassive black hole in our Galactic Center, in light of new observational constraints. Confirmation of linear polarization in the submm emission argues for accretion rates much less than the canonical Bondi rate. We consider models with low accretion rates and calculate the spectra produced by a hybrid electron population, consisting of both thermal and nonthermal particles. The thermal electrons produce the submm emission and can account for its linear polarization properties. As noted in previous work, the observed low-frequency radio spectrum can be explained if a small fraction ($\approx 1.5$%) of the electron thermal energy resides in a soft power-law tail. In the innermost region of the accretion flow, turbulence and/or magnetic reconnection events may occasionally accelerate a fraction of the electrons into a harder power-law tail. We show that the synchrotron emission from these electrons, or the Compton up-scattering of synchrotron photons by the same electrons, may account for the X-ray flares observed by {\it Chandra}.

32 pages, 7 figures, the final version accepted by ApJ

References in corpus (12)

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• Heating, conduction and minimum temperatures in cooling flows
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• Full Three Dimensional Orbits For Multiple Stars on Close Approaches to the Central Supermassive Black Hole
• Close stars and an inactive accretion disk in Sgr A*: Eclipses and flares
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• Simultaneous Monitoring of X-ray and Radio Variability in Sagittarius A*
• No evidence for a central IMBH in M15
• X-ray Scattering Halos from the Galactic Center: Implications for Diffuse Emission Around SgrA*
• The variability of Sagittarius A* at 3 millimeter
• Flares and variability from Sagittarius A*: five nights of simultaneous multi-wavelength observations
• Resolving accretion flows in nearby active galactic nuclei with the Event Horizon Telescope
• Accretion of Low Angular Momentum Material onto Black Holes: Radiation Properties of Axisymmetric MHD Flows
• A Leptonic Model of Steady High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emission from Sgr A${}^{\ast }$
• The Effect of Large Scale Magnetic Field on Outflow in ADAFs: an Odd Symmetry Configuration
• On the wind production from hot accretion flows with different accretion rates
• The disk evaporation model for the spectral features of low-luminosity active galactic nuclei
• Nonthermal processes in hot accretion flows onto supermassive black holes: An inhomogeneous model
• A nonthermal bomb explains the near-infrared superflare of Sgr A*
• Radio Emission from Accreting Isolated Black Holes in Our Galaxy
• The multiwavelength spectrum of NGC 3115: Hot accretion flow properties
• Hydrodynamic Shielding and the Survival of Cold Streams
• A past capture event at Sagittarius A* inferred from the fluorescent X-ray emission of Sagittarius B clouds
• X-ray Probes of Black Hole Accretion Disks for Testing the No-Hair Theorem
• A two-component jet model based on the Blandford-Znajek and Blandford-Payne processes
• The Structure and Spectral Features of a Thin Disk and Evaporation-Fed Corona in High-Luminosity AGNs
• Influence of the Magnetic Coupling Process on the Advection Dominated Accretion Flows around Black Holes
• Multi-Epoch VERA Observations of Sagittarius A*: I. Images and Structural Variability
• Tiny Electromagnetic Explosions
• Warping of accretion disk and launching of jet by a spinning black hole in NGC 4258
• No asymmetric outflows from Sagittarius A* during the pericenter passage of the gas cloud G2
• Multi-wavelength emission from magnetically arrested disks around isolated black holes
• General relativistic effects and the near-infrared and X-ray variability of Sgr A* I
• Low angular momentum flow model for Sgr A*
• Constraints on primordial black hole dark matter from Galactic center X-ray observations
• Consistency of the Infrared Variability of Sgr A* over 22 years
• Detectability of Wandering Intermediate-Mass Black Holes in the Milky Way Galaxy from Radio to X-rays
• Simulating the effect of the Sgr A* accretion flow on the appearance of G2 after pericenter
• Constraining the accretion flow density profile near Sgr A* using the $L^{\prime }$-band emission of the S2 star
• Gamma-ray emission from proton-proton interactions in hot accretion flows
• Multi-wavelength Variability of Sagittarius A* in July 2019
• No sign of G2's encounter affecting Sgr A*'s X-ray flaring rate from $Chandra$ observations
• The kinetic power of jets magnetically accelerated from advection dominated accretion flows in radio galaxies
• Differentiating Disk and Black Hole Driven Jets with EHT Images of Variability in M87
• Infrared-red Cores in Nearby Elliptical Galaxies
• AzTEC Survey of the Central Molecular Zone: Data Reduction, Analysis, and Preliminary Results
• A Systematic Chandra study of Sgr A${}^{\star }$: II. X-ray flare statistics
• Multi-wavelength detectability of isolated black holes in the Milky Way
• Radiative Spectra from Disk Corona and Inner Hot Flow in Black Hole X-ray Binaries
• MC Simulations of the Broadband Spectra of Sagittarius A* through the use of GRMHD
• Observational evidence for AGNs feedback at parsec scale
• The self-similar structure of advection-dominated discs with outflow and radial viscosity
• Soft gamma-ray constraints on a bright flare from the Galactic Center supermassive black hole
• The S2 star as a probe of the accretion disk of Sgr A*
• The Effects of Magnetic Field Strength on Properties of Wind Generated from Hot Accretion Flow
• Internal gamma gamma-opacity in Active Galactic Nuclei and the consequences for the TeV observations of M87 and Cen A
• Using close stars as probes of hot accretion flow in Sgr A*
• Understanding the Geometry of Astrophysical Magnetic Fields
• Spherically Symmetric Accretion Flows: Minimal Model with MHD Turbulence
• The Gamma-ray Afterglows of Tidal Disruption Events
• Modeling the hard states of three black hole candidates
• Low angular momentum flow model II for Sgr A*
• Fermi LAT observations of Sagittarius A*: Imaging Analysis
• Continuation of the X-ray monitoring of Sgr A*: the increase in bright flaring rate confirmed
• Modeling Hot Gas Flow in the Low-Luminosity Active Galactic Nucleus of NGC3115
• Synchrotron Blob Model of Infrared and X-ray Flares from Sagittarius A${}^{\ast }$
• Hot One-Temperature Accretion Flows Revisited
• Giant Primeval Magnetic Dipoles
• Constraining Radiatively Inefficient Accretion Flows with Polarization
• Very High-Energy Emission from the Direct Vicinity of Rapidly Rotating Black Holes
• Radiative shock oscillation model for the long-term flares of Sgr A*
• Viscous and resistive accretion flows with radially self-similar and outflows
• RAIKOU: A General Relativistic, Multi-wavelength Radiative Transfer Code
• Self-similar structure of a hot magnetized flow with thermal conduction
• Evidence of Outflow Induced Soft Lags of Galactic Black Holes
• Mechanical feedback from black hole accretion as an energy source of core-collapse supernova explosions
• Synchrotron Polarization Radiative Transfer: Relativistic Thermal Electrons Contribution
• The Chandra High Resolution X-ray Spectrum of Quiescent Emission from Sgr A*
• The possible submillimeter bump and accretion-jet in the central supermassive black hole of NGC 4993
• How does an asymmetric magnetic field change the vertical structure of a hot accretion flow?
• Cosmic rays from the nearby starburst galaxy NGC 253: the effect of a low luminosity active galactic nucleus
• Monitoring the Galactic Centre with Australia Telescope Compact Array
• Parameter study for hot spot trajectories around Sgr$A\ast$
• Whispering in the dark: Faint X-ray emission from black holes with OB star companions
• Accretion models of Sgr A*
• New Analytical Formulae for Optically-Thin Accretion Flows
• Multi-wavelength torus-jet model for Sgr~A*
• Magnetized Accretion Flows: Effects of Gas Pressure
• LIGO tells us LINERs are not optically thick RIAFs
• Coordinated multi-wavelength observations of Sgr A*
• A simplified global solution for an advection-dominated accretion flow
• Modelling the time dependence of the TeV Gamma-ray source at the Galactic Centre
• Stochastic Ion Acceleration by the Ion-cyclotron Instability in a Growing Magnetic Field
• La Freccia Rossa: An IR-dark cloud hosting the Milky Way intermediate-mass black hole candidate
• Confronting the jet model of Sgr A* with the Faraday rotation measure observations
• A Swift study of long-term changes in the X-ray flaring properties of Sagittarius A*
• Three-dimensional Radiative Properties of Hot Accretion Flows onto the Galactic Centre Black Hole
• Thermally Driven Winds from Radiatively Inefficient Accretion Flows
• Spherical Accretion in Nearby Weakly Active Galaxies
• Thermal Equilibrium Solutions of Black Hole Accretion Flows: Outflows VS Advection
• Winds and feedback from supermassive black holes accreting at low rates: Hydrodynamical treatment
• Resolving the Nuclear Radio Emission from M32 with Very Large Array
• Correlation between Flux and Spectral Index during Flares in Sagittarius A*
• Two-temperature accretion flows around strongly magnetized stars and their spectral analysis
• Constraints on jet-driven disk accretion in Sagittarius A*
• Direct time radio variability induced by non-axisymmetric standing accretion shock instability: implications for M87
• QPOs from Random X-ray Bursts around Rotating Black Holes
• Numerical Modeling of Multi-wavelength Spectra of M87 Core Emission
• Blob formation and ejection from the radiative inefficient accretion flow around massive black hole
• The X-ray footprint of the CircumNuclear Disk
• A strong negative correlation between radio loudness $R_{\mathrm{UV}}$ and optical-to-X-ray spectral index ${\alpha }_{\mathrm{ox}}$ in low-luminosity AGNs
• What is the real accretion rate onto a black hole for low angular momentum accretion?
• Flare emission from Sagittarius A*
• Measuring the Direction and Angular Velocity of a Black Hole Accretion Disk via Lagged Interferometric Covariance
• Accretion from Winds of Red Giant Branch Stars May Reveal the Supermassive Black Hole in Leo I
• High-energy Gamma-rays from Magnetically Arrested Disks in Nearby Radio Galaxies
• The advection-dominated accretion flow for the origin of the thermal soft X-ray component in low-level accreting neutron stars
• Stochastic Electron Acceleration by the Whistler Instability in a Growing Magnetic Field
• A Possible Time-Delayed Brightening of the Sgr A* Accretion Flow after the Pericenter Passage of G2 Cloud
• The G2+G2t complex as a fast and massive outflow?
• Observational Constraints on Direct Electron Heating in the Hot Accretion Flows in Sgr A* and M87*
• S0-2 star, G1- and G2-objects and flaring activity of the Milky Way's Galactic Center black hole in 2019
• Semi-analytic studies of accretion disk and magnetic field geometry in M87*
• Resistive and magnetized accretion flows with convection
• Observational signatures from higher-order images of moving hotspots in accretion disks
• Low angular momentum flow model of Sgr A* activity
• Electron Heating in the Trans-Relativistic Perpendicular Shocks of Tilted Accretion Flows
• New Evidence for a Flux-independent Spectral Index of Sgr A* in the Near-infrared
• Time delays between radio and X-ray and between narrow radio bands of Sgr A* flares in the shock oscillation model
• "Firewall" Phenomenology with Astrophysical Neutrinos
• Possible evidence from the flaring activity of Sgr A* for a star at a distance of ~3.3 Schwarzscild radii from the blackhole
• Angular momentum transport and thermal stabilization of optically thin, advective accretion flows through large-scale magnetic fields
• The influence of outflows on the 1/f-like luminosity fluctuations
• Advection-dominated accretion, jets and the spectral energy distribution of LINERs
• Simulating the pericentre passage of the Galactic centre star S2
• The Fates of Merging Supermassive Black Holes and a Proposal for a New Class of X-Ray Sources
• Monitoring the Size and Flux Density of Sgr A* during the Active State in 2019 with East Asian VLBI Network
• A cool disk in the Galactic Center?
• Probing the Gas Density in our Galactic Center: Moving Mesh Simulations of G2
• Constraining the Flaring Region of Sagittarius A* By 1.3mm VLBI Measurements
• Impact of the nonthermal electron radiation effects on the horizon scale image structure of Sagittarius A*
• Variation of the gas and radiation content in the sub-Keplerian accretion disk around black holes and its impact to the solutions
• Hydrodynamical wind on magnetized Accretion Flows with Convection
• Jet Launching Radius in Low-Power Radio-Loud AGNs in Advection-Dominated Accretion Flows
• A possible influence on standard model of quasars and active galactic nuclei in strong magnetic field
• Constraining cosmic-ray acceleration in the magnetospheric gaps of Sgr A*
• Tracking X-ray Variability in Next Generation EHT LLAGN Targets
• Self-similar structure of resistive ADAFs with outflow and large-scale magnetic field
• High Energy Activity of the Super-Massive Black Hole at the Galactic Center
• Jet Archaeology and Forecasting: Image Variability and Magnetic Field Configuration
• Polarization-sensitive Compton scattering by accelerated electrons
• An Observational Signature of Sub-Equipartition Magnetic Fields in the Spectra of Black Hole Binaries
• Synthetic gravitational lens image of the Sagittarius A${}^{\ast }$ black hole with a thin disk model
• A 2.5-dimensional viscous, resistive, advective magnetized accretion-outflow coupling in black hole systems: A higher order polynomial approximation. I
• The Galactic Center
• Dispersion of Waves in Relativistic Plasmas with Isotropic Particle Distributions
• Is the energy generation rate of nuclear reactions in hot accretion flows important?
• Hydrodynamical simulations of a compact source scenario for G2
• The dependence of the viscosity-parameter on the disk scale height profile
• Limiting the Yukawa Gravity through the Black Hole Shadows of Sgr A* and M87*
• G2 and Sgr A*: A Cosmic Fizzle At The Galactic Center
• Origin of the X-ray Emission in the Nuclei of FR Is
• Tidal phenomena in the Galactic Center: The curious case of X7
• The gas streamer G1-2-3 in the Galactic Center
• Extreme magnetic fields around black holes
• Constraining the Accretion Flow in Sgr A* by General Relativistic Dynamical and Polarized Radiative Modeling
• Hot accretion flows in low-luminosity active galactic nuclei in NGC 4258 and NGC 7213
• Hard X-ray view of two $\gamma$-ray detected low-luminosity active galactic nuclei: NGC 315 and NGC 4261
• SgrA* emission at 7mm: variability and periodicity
• Chandra Observations of Galactic Center: High Energy Processes at Arcsecond Resolution
• Radio Emission from Sgr A*: Pulsar Transits Through the Accretion Disc
• Photometric Constraints on Intermediate-mass Black Holes in the Galactic Centre
• Characterization of black hole accretion through image moment invariants
• Variability of Sagittarius A* at 3 GHz on minute-scale with MeerKAT
• Search for long-term variability of HESS J1745-290
• Physical origin of very-high-energy gamma rays from the low-luminosity active galactic nucleus NGC 4278 and implications for neutrino observations
• Radiative energy from a reconnection region around massive black hole
• Probing the Jet Turnover Frequency Dependence on Black Hole Mass and Mass Accretion Rate
• A Hydrodynamical Thermal Irradiated Wind from the Outer Thin Accretion Disk in Low-luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei
• Fourier analysis of advection-dominated accretion flows
• Full-polarization millimeter wavelength variability of Sagittarius A* during the 2018 EHT campaign
• HOLESOM: Constraining the Properties of Slowly-Accreting Massive Black Holes with Self-Organizing Maps
• Diffuse gamma-ray emission from the Galactic center and implications of its past activities
• PATOKA: Simulating Electromagnetic Observables of Black Hole Accretion
• Interpreting Swift and NuSTAR Observations of the Low-Luminosity Active Galactic Nucleus NGC 4278 with Radiatively Inefficient Accretion Flows and Implications for Neutrino Emission
• High Energy Emission from the Galactic Center