A magnetized torus for modeling Sgr A* millimeter images and spectra

Abstract

Context. The supermassive black hole, Sagittarius (Sgr) A*, in the centre of our Galaxy has the largest angular size in the sky among all astrophysical black holes. Its shadow, assuming no rotation, spans ~ 50 microarcsec. Resolving such dimensions has long been out of reach for astronomical instruments until a new generation of interferometers being operational during this decade. Of particular interest is the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) with resolution ~ 20 microarcsec in the millimeter-wavelength range 0.87 mm - 1.3 mm. Aims. We investigate the ability of the fully general relativistic Komissarov (2006) analytical magnetized torus model to account for observable constraints at Sgr A* in the centimeter and millimeter domains. The impact of the magnetic field geometry on the observables is also studied. Methods. We calculate ray-traced centimeter- and millimeter-wavelength synchrotron spectra and images of a magnetized accretion torus surrounding the central black hole in Sgr A*. We assume stationarity, axial symmetry, constant specific angular momentum and polytropic equation of state. A hybrid population of thermal and non-thermal electrons is considered. Results. We show that the torus model is capable of reproducing spectral constraints in the millimeter domain, and in particular in the observable domain of the EHT. However, the torus model is not yet able to fit the centimeter spectrum. 1.3 mm images at high inclinations are in agreement with observable constraints. Conclusions. The ability of the torus model to account for observations of Sgr A* in the millimeter domain is interesting in the perspective of the future EHT. Such an analytical model allows very fast computations. It will thus be a suitable test bed for investigating large domains of physical parameters, as well as non-black-hole compact object candidates and alternative theories of gravity.

Major changes wrt the June 2014 version. Accepted by A&A

References in corpus (6)

• Event-horizon-scale structure in the supermassive black hole candidate at the Galactic Centre
• The Submillimeter Bump in Sgr A* from Relativistic MHD Simulations
• Simulating the Emission and Outflows from Accretion Disks
• Magnetized Tori around Kerr Black Holes: Analytic Solutions with a Toroidal Magnetic Field
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• Modelling the black hole silhouette in Sgr A* with ion tori

Cited by in corpus (6)

• Gravitational waves from bodies orbiting the Galactic Center black hole and their detectability by LISA
• Relativistic thick accretion disks: morphology and evolutionary parameters
• Multi-wavelength torus-jet model for Sgr~A*
• Stationary models of magnetized viscous tori around a Schwarzschild black hole
• Radiation intensity and polarization from accretion discs with progressive increasing height
• Non-Keplerian Charged Accretion Disk Orbiting a Black Hole~Pulsar