Numerical Simulation of Hot Accretion Flows (III): Revisiting wind properties using trajectory approach

Abstract

Previous MHD simulations have shown that wind must exist in black hole hot accretion flows. In this paper, we continue our study by investigating the detailed properties of wind, such as mass flux and poloidal speed, and the mechanism of wind production. For this aim, we make use of a three dimensional GRMHD simulation of hot accretion flows around a Schwarzschild black hole. The simulation is designed so that the magnetic flux is not accumulated significantly around the black hole. To distinguish real wind from turbulent outflows, we track the trajectories of the virtual Largrangian particles from simulation data. We find two types of real outflows, i.e., a quasi-relativistic jet close to the axis and a sub-relativistic wind subtending a much larger solid angle. Most of the wind originates from the surface layer of the accretion flow. The poloidal wind speed almost remains constant once they are produced, but the flux-weighted wind speed roughly follows $v_{\mathrm{p},\mathrm{wind}}(r)\approx 0.25v_k(r)$. The mass flux of jet is much lower but the speed is much higher, $v_{\mathrm{p},\mathrm{jet}}\sim (0.3-0.4)c$. Consequently, both the energy and momentum fluxes of the wind are much larger than those of the jet. We find that the wind is produced and accelerated primarily by the combination of centrifugal force and magnetic pressure gradient, while the jet is mainly accelerated by magnetic pressure gradient. Finally, we find that the wind production efficiency ${\epsilon }_{\mathrm{wind}}\equiv {\dot{E}}_{\mathrm{wind}}/{\dot{M}}_{\mathrm{BH}}{c}^2\sim 1/1000$, in good agreement with the value required from large-scale galaxy simulations with AGN feedback.

13 pages, 13 figures; submitted to ApJ

References in corpus (4)

• An Unambiguous Detection of Faraday Rotation in Sagittarius A*
• Ultra-fast outflows in radio-loud active galactic nuclei
• Fermi Bubbles Inflated by Winds Launched from the Hot Accretion Flow in Sgr A*
• AGN feedback in an isolated elliptical galaxy: the effect of strong radiative feedback in the kinetic mode

Cited by in corpus (82)

• First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. V. Physical Origin of the Asymmetric Ring
• Simulating galaxy formation with black hole driven thermal and kinetic feedback
• A ring-like accretion structure in M87 connecting its black hole and jet
• The Disc-Jet Symbiosis Emerges: Modeling the Emission of Sagittarius A* with Electron Thermodynamics
• Powering galactic super-winds with small-scale AGN winds
• Faraday rotation in the jet of M87 inside the Bondi radius: indication of winds from hot accretion flows confining the relativistic jet
• The Interaction of the Fermi Bubbles with the Milky Way's Hot Gas Halo
• Kinematics of the M87 jet in the collimation zone: gradual acceleration and velocity stratification
• Jet collimation and acceleration in the giant radio galaxy NGC 315
• The Accretion flow in M87 is really MAD
• Structural Transition in the NGC 6251 Jet: An Interplay with the Supermassive Black Hole and Its Host Galaxy
• Modeling the inner part of the jet in M87: Confronting jet morphology with theory
• Pair Drizzle around Sub-Eddington Supermassive Black Holes
• A magnetic accretion disk-outflow model for changing look active galactic nuclei
• Towards Self-Consistent Modelling of the Sgr A* Accretion Flow: Linking Theory and Observation
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: The Roles of AGNs and Dynamical Processes in Star Formation Quenching in Nearby Disk Galaxies
• Radiative heating in the kinetic mode of AGN feedback
• Radiative Properties of Magnetically-Arrested Disks
• A Possible Model for the Long-Term Flares of Sgr A*
• A Nonthermal Radio Filament Connected to the Galactic Black Hole?
• Exploring the accretion model of M87 and 3C 84 with the Faraday rotation measure observations
• Speed limits for radiation driven SMBH winds
• Particle Diffusion and Acceleration in Magnetorotational Instability Turbulence
• Large-scale dynamics of winds originated from black hole accretion flows: (II) Magnetohydrodynamics
• Connecting turbulent velocities and magnetic fields in galaxy cluster simulations with active galactic nuclei jets
• M87: a cosmic laboratory for deciphering black hole accretion and jet formation
• A luminous hot accretion flow in the low-luminosity active galactic nucleus NGC 7213
• Evidence for A Hot Wind from High-resolution X-ray Spectroscopic Observation of the Low-luminosity Active Galactic Nucleus in NGC 7213
• On the wind production from hot accretion flows with different accretion rates
• Precessing winds from the nucleus of the prototype Red Geyser?
• Large-scale dynamics of winds originated from black hole accretion flows: (I) Hydrodynamics
• Mass and Environment as Drivers of Galaxy Evolution. IV. On the Quenching of Massive Central Disk Galaxies in The Local Universe
• A Systematic Chandra study of Sgr A${}^{\star }$: II. X-ray flare statistics
• Global Transonic Solution of Hot Accretion Flow with Thermal Conduction
• Discovery of Limb Brightening in the Parsec-scale Jet of NGC 315 through Global Very Long Baseline Interferometry Observations and Its Implications for Jet Models
• A parsec-scale faint jet in the nearby changing-look Seyfert galaxy Mrk 590
• Thermal wind from hot accretion flows at large radii
• Polarization Observations of AGN Jets: Past and Future
• Active Galactic Nucleus Feedback in an Elliptical Galaxy with the Most Updated AGN Physics: Parameter Explorations
• Constraining Properties of GRB Central Engines with X-ray flares
• Toward a Full MHD Jet Model of Spinning Black Holes--II: Kinematics and Application to the M87 Jet
• Numerical Study on Outflows in Seyfert Galaxies I: Narrow Line Region Outflows in NGC 4151
• Radiative hydrodynamical simulations of super-Eddington accretion flow in tidal disruption event: the accretion flow and wind
• Radiation-driven outflows in AGNs: Revisiting feedback effects of scattered and reprocessed photons
• Structure of a hot accretion flow in the presence of outflow and convection with large ordered magnetic field
• The Dynamics of Truncated Black Hole Accretion Disks I: Viscous, Hydrodynamic Case
• Large-scale Dynamics of Winds Driven by Line Force from a Thin Accretion Disk
• Cold Gas in Massive Galaxies as A Critical Test of Black Hole Feedback Models
• Thermal Equilibrium Solutions of Black Hole Accretion Flows: Outflows VS Advection
• Two-dimensional Inflow-outflow Solution of Supercritical Accretion Flow
• A strong negative correlation between radio loudness $R_{\mathrm{UV}}$ and optical-to-X-ray spectral index ${\alpha }_{\mathrm{ox}}$ in low-luminosity AGNs
• The effects of toroidal magnetic field on the vertical structure of hot accretion flows
• Accretion from Winds of Red Giant Branch Stars May Reveal the Supermassive Black Hole in Leo I
• What is the real accretion rate onto a black hole for low angular momentum accretion?
• Gradient measurement of synchrotron polarization diagnostic: Application to spatially separated emission and Faraday rotation regions
• The influence of large scale magnetic field in the structure of supercritical accretion flow with outflow
• Very Large Array multi-band monitoring observations of M 31*
• Black Hole Feeding and Feedback in a Compact Galaxy
• Two-dimensional Inflow-Wind Solution of Hot Accretion Flow. I. Hydrodynamics
• Time delays between radio and X-ray and between narrow radio bands of Sgr A* flares in the shock oscillation model
• The Effect of Accretion Environment at Large Radius on Hot Accretion Flows
• Effect of plasma composition on magnetized outflows
• Hot accretion flow around neutron stars
• Hot Gas Flows on Parsec Scale in the Low-Luminosity Active Galactic Nucleus NGC 3115
• A systematic study of AGN feedback in a disk galaxy I: global overview
• Self-similar solutions for finite size advection-dominated accretion flows
• Dynamical and thermal properties of the parsec-scale gases spherically accreted onto low luminous active galactic nuclei
• Impact of the nonthermal electron radiation effects on the horizon scale image structure of Sagittarius A*
• Self-similar structure of resistive ADAFs with outflow and large-scale magnetic field
• The X-ray variation of M81* resolved by Chandra and NuSTAR
• Two-temperature radiative hot accretion flow around neutron stars
• Gas flows in an Active galactic nuclei. I. Two-phase gas inflow
• Resistive Hot Accretion Flows with Anisotropic Pressure
• Radiatively Cooled Binary Mass Transfer: Flow Structure, Luminosities, and L2 Outflows Across Mass Transfer Rates
• Heating or Cooling: Study of Advective Heat Transport in the Inflow and the Outflow of Optically Thin Advection-dominated Accretion Flows
• ReveaLLAGN 1: JWST Emission-Line Spectra Reveal Low-Luminosity AGN with UV-Deficient SEDs and Warm Molecular Gas
• Self-similar Solution of Hot Accretion Flow with Thermal Conduction and Anisotropic Pressure
• Generalized Bondi Accretion Flow with and without Outflow
• Self-similar solution of hot accretion flow: the role of kinematic viscosity coefficient
• A unified framework for hot accretion flows with finite angular momentum: from Bondi-like to disc-like regimes
• The mass-dependent interplay of active galacitc nuclei and supernova feedback in shaping the $L_{\mathrm{X}}$--$T$ relation of early-type galaxies
• Radiative cooling effects on black hole hot accretion flows around the sub-Bondi radius