Polarized light from Sgr A* in the near-infrared $K_s$-band

Abstract

We present a statistical analysis of polarized near-infrared (NIR) light from Sgr A*, the radio source associated with the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way. The observations have been carried out using the adaptive optics instrument NACO at the VLT UT4 in the infrared $K_{\mathrm{s}}$-band from 2004 to 2012. Several polarized flux excursions were observed during these years. Linear polarization at 2.2 $\mu m$, its statistics and time variation, can be used constrain the physical conditions of the accretion process onto this supermassive black hole. With an exponent of about 4 for the number density histogram of fluxes above 5~mJy, the distribution of polarized flux density is closely linked to the single state power-law distribution of the total $K_{\mathrm{s}}$-band flux densities reported earlier. We find typical polarization degrees of the order of 20\%$\pm$10\% and a preferred polarization angle of 13${}^o$$\pm$15${}^o$. Simulations show the uncertainties under a total flux density of $\sim 2\mathrm{mJy}$ are probably dominated by observational effects. At higher flux densities there are intrinsic variations of polarization degree and angle within rather well constrained ranges. Since the emission is most likely due to optically thin synchrotron radiation, this preferred polarization angle we find is very likely coupled to the intrinsic orientation of the Sgr A* system i.e. a disk or jet/wind scenario associated with the super massive black hole. If they are indeed linked to structural features of the source the data imply a rather stable geometry and accretion process for the Sgr A* system.

19 pages, 18 figures, 4 tables, submitted to Astronomy & Astrophysics

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Cited by in corpus (13)

• Investigating the Relativistic Motion of the Stars Near the Supermassive Black Hole in the Galactic Center
• Polarimetry and Astrometry of NIR Flares as Event Horizon Scale, Dynamical Probes for the Mass of Sgr A*
• Dynamically important magnetic fields near the event horizon of Sgr A*
• Kinematic Structure of the Galactic Center S-cluster
• Deep Images of the Galactic Center with GRAVITY
• ALMA Detection of Bipolar Outflows: Evidence for Low Mass Star Formation within 1pc of Sgr A*
• Polarized near-infrared light of the Dusty S-cluster Object (DSO/G2) at the Galactic Center
• Multi-wavelength Variability of Sagittarius A* in July 2019
• Multi-band polarimetry of post-asymptotic giant branch stars stars. Optical measurements
• Electromagnetic signatures of strong-field gravity from accreting black holes
• Possible evidence from the flaring activity of Sgr A* for a star at a distance of ~3.3 Schwarzscild radii from the blackhole
• The orbit and nature of the semi-detached stellar companion of Sgr A* super-massive blackhole
• The Center of the Milky Way from Radio to X-rays