Gravitational Lensing by Black Holes

Abstract

We review the theoretical aspects of gravitational lensing by black holes, and discuss the perspectives for realistic observations. We will first treat lensing by spherically symmetric black holes, in which the formation of infinite sequences of higher order images emerges in the clearest way. We will then consider the effects of the spin of the black hole, with the formation of giant higher order caustics and multiple images. Finally, we will consider the perspectives for observations of black hole lensing, from the detection of secondary images of stellar sources and spots on the accretion disk to the interpretation of iron K-lines and direct imaging of the shadow of the black hole.

Invited article for the GRG special issue on lensing (P. Jetzer, Y. Mellier and V. Perlick Eds.). 31 pages, 12 figures

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Cited by in corpus (195)

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• Schwarzschild-like black hole with a topological defect in bumblebee gravity
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• Strong Gravitational Lensing by Kiselev Black Hole
• Effect of Non-linear Electrodynamics on Weak field deflection angle by Black Hole
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• Shadow of noncommutative geometry inspired black hole
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• Influence of Accretion Flow and Magnetic Charge on the Observed Shadows and Rings of the Hayward Black Hole
• Strong field gravitational lensing by a charged Galileon black hole
• Regular phantom black hole gravitational lensing
• Strong gravitational lensing by Kerr and Kerr-Newman black holes
• Investigating shadow images and rings of the charged Horndeski black hole illuminated by various thin accretions
• Analytical study of higher-order ring images of accretion disk around black hole
• Retrolensing by a charged black hole
• Gravitational lensing of massive particles in Schwarzschild gravity
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• Retrolensing by two photon spheres of a black-bounce spacetime
• Strong gravitational field time delay for photons coupled to Weyl tensor in a Schwarzschild black hole
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• Magnetized Particle Capture Cross Section for Braneworld Black Hole
• Distinguishing rotating naked singularities from Kerr-like wormholes by their deflection angles of massive particles
• Wormhole supported by dark energy admitting conformal motion
• Relationship between High-Energy Absorption Cross Section and Strong Gravitational Lensing for Black Hole
• Conical Morris-Thorne Wormholes with a Global Monopole Charge
• Observing gravitational lensing effects by Sgr A* with GRAVITY
• Adaptive Analytical Ray Tracing of Black Hole Photon Rings
• Unbound motion of massive particles in the Schwarzschild metric: Analytical description in case of strong deflection
• Light Deflection by a Quantum Improved Kerr Black Hole Pierced by a Cosmic String
• Gravitational lensing by a photon sphere in a Reissner-Nordström naked singularity spacetime in strong deflection limits
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• Constraining the distribution of dark matter at the Galactic centre using the high-resolution Event Horizon Telescope
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• Observational Constraints in Metric-Affine Gravity
• Strong Gravitational Lensing by Sgr A*
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• Magnetized Particle Motion Around Black Hole in Braneworld
• A Study of stable wormhole solution with non-commutative geometry in the framework of linear $f(R,{\mathcal{L}}_m,T)$ gravity
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• Evolution of black hole shadows from superradiance
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• Optical appearance of a thin-shell wormhole with a Hayward profile
• A novel test of gravity via black hole eikonal correspondence
• Resolving the Inner Structure of QSO Discs by Fold Caustic Crossing Events
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• Shadow of the $5D$ Reissner-Nordström AdS Black Hole
• Gravitational Lensing in Kerr-Newman Anti de Sitter Spacetime
• Strong deflection of massive particles in spherically symmetric spacetimes
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• Formation of photon spheres in boson stars with a nonminimally coupled field
• The Influence of Uniform Magnetic Fields on Strong Field Gravitational Lensing by Kerr Black Holes
• Weak Deflection angle of some classes of non-linear electrodynamics black holes via Gauss-Bonnet Theorem
• Post-Newtonian light propagation in Kerr-Newman spacetime
• Shadow Thermodynamics of AdS Black Hole with the Nonlinear Electrodynamics Term
• Gravitational lensing by a Bronnikov-Kim wormhole under a weak-field approximation and in a strong deflection limit
• A Study of Black Holes in $F(R)-$ModMax Gravity: Gravitational Lensing and Constraints from EHT Observations
• Constraints on the black-hole charges of M87* and Sagittarius A* by changing rates of photon spheres can be relaxed
• Remarks on a nonlinear electromagnetic extension in AdS Reissner-Nordström spacetime
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• Affine perturbation series of the deflection angle of a ray near the photon sphere of a Reissner-Nordström black hole
• The Role of Spatial Coherence and Orbital Angular Momentum of Light in Astronomy
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• Imaging a semi-classical horizonless compact object with strong redshift
• Charged gravastar model in noncommutative geometry under $f(\mathbb{T})$ gravity
• Constraining deviations from spherical symmetry using $\gamma$-metric
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• Gravitational lensing by a stable rotating regular black hole
• Strong Lensing and Nonminimally Coupled Electromagnetism
• Exact Anisotropic Solutions of the Generalized TOV Equation
• Classification of static asymptotically flat spacetimes with a photon sphere in Einstein-multiple-scalar field theory
• Effect of electric interaction on the deflection and gravitational lensing in the strong field limit
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• Deflection and gravitational lensing with finite distance effect in the strong deflection limit in stationary and axisymmetric spacetimes
• Gravitational lensing in a space-time with cosmic string within the Eddington-inspired Born-Infeld gravity
• Deflection of Light Around a Rotating BTZ Black Hole
• Optical appearance of the Schwarzschild black hole in the string cloud context
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• Observational signatures from higher-order images of moving hotspots in accretion disks
• Strong gravitational lensing by black hole in F(R) Euler Heisenberg Gravity's Rainbow
• Gravitational Lensing from a Spacetime Perspective
• Rigorous calculation of scalar scattering in Schwarzschild background: the convergence of partial-wave series and Poisson spot
• Gravitational lensing of STU black holes
• Wormhole solutions in generalized Rastall gravity
• Gravitational Lensing by a Dark Compact Object in Modified Gravity and Observational Constraints from Einstein Rings
• Lensing Stability and Scattering Phenomena in Anisotropic Black Hole Spacetimes in Plasma
• Strong Gravitational Lensing Effects of the Rotating Short-Haired Black Hole and Constraints from EHT Observations
• Overlapping of photon rings in black hole imaging
• Cylindrical black hole solutions in $f(\mathcal{R})$ and $f(\mathcal{R},\mathcal{A},A^{\mu \nu }{A}_{\mu \nu })$ modified gravity
• Post-Minkowskian solution for the small-deflection motion of test particles in Kerr-Newman spacetime
• Optical images of the Kerr-Sen black hole and thin accretion disk
• Strong Lensing Effect and Quasinormal Modes of Oscillations of Black Holes in $\mathbf{f}(\mathbf{R},\mathbf{T})$ Gravity Theory
• Probing dark fluids and modified gravity with gravitational lensing
• Boundary-only weak deflection angles from isothermal optical geometry
• Astro- and Quantum Physical Tests of Screened Scalar Fields
• Gravitational lensing inside and outside of a marginally unstable photon sphere in a general, static, spherically symmetric, and asymptotically-flat spacetime in strong deflection limits
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• Gravitational lensing, memory and the Penrose limit
• Shadow of topologically charged rotating braneworld black hole
• Shadow of rotating black holes with consistent thermodynamics
• Deflection and gravitational lensing of null and timelike signals in general asymptotically (anti-)de Sitter spacetimes
• Gravitational lensing by a black hole in Poincar{é} gauge theory of gravity
• Deflection of light due to spheroidal oblate static objects
• Microlensing Black Hole Shadows
• Charge constraint on M87* with twisted light
• Strong deflection of massive particles via the geodesic deviation equation
• Light rings, gravitational lensing, and ISCOs of exotic compact objects in Einstein-scalar-Maxwell theories
• Modeling of High-Frequency Variability in X-ray Binaries with Black Holes
• Charged galactic wormholes: shadow imaging, accretion disks, and charged-particle deflection
• Optical appearance of regularized compact objects without an exterior photon sphere
• Effect of primary scalar hair on black hole's strong lensing in Beyond Horndeski Gravity
• Thermodynamics and optical aspects of ModMax black holes in higher order curvature gravity with quintessence dark energy
• Investigating the effects of gravitational lensing by Hu-Sawicki $\mathbf{f}(\mathbf{R})$ gravity black holes
• Geodesics and Bending of Light around a BTZ Black Hole Surrounded by Quintessential Matter
• Light deflection in axially symmetric stationary spacetimes filled with a moving medium
• Relativistic Einstein Rings of Reissner-Nordström metric Black Holes Nonminimally Coupled to Electrodynamics
• Decoding a black hole metric from the interferometric pattern of the relativistic images of a compact source
• Angular Location of the $n^{th}$ Einstein Ring at large $n$