Current Status of r-Process Nucleosynthesis

Abstract

The rapid neutron capture process (r process) is believed to be responsible for about half of the production of the elements heavier than iron and contributes to abundances of some lighter nuclides as well. A universal pattern of r-process element abundances is observed in some metal-poor stars of the Galactic halo. This suggests that a well-regulated combination of astrophysical conditions and nuclear physics conspires to produce such a universal abundance pattern. The search for the astrophysical site for r-process nucleosynthesis has stimulated interdisciplinary research for more than six decades. There is currently much enthusiasm surrounding evidence for r-process nucleosynthesis in binary neutron star mergers in the multi-wavelength follow-up observations of kilonova/gravitational-wave GRB170807A/GW170817. Nevertheless, there remain questions as to the contribution over the history of the Galaxy to the current solar-system r-process abundances from other sites such as neutrino-driven winds or magnetohydrodynamical ejection of material from core-collapse supernovae. In this review we highlight some current issues surrounding the nuclear physics input, astronomical observations, galactic chemical evolution, and theoretical simulations of r-process astrophysical environments with the goal of outlining a path toward resolving the remaining mysteries of the r process.

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• Origin of the Heaviest Elements: the Rapid Neutron-Capture Process
• Astronuclear Physics: a Tale of the Atomic Nuclei in the Skies
• Nuclear mass predictions with machine learning reaching the accuracy required by $r$-process studies
• The Neutron-Rich Edge of the Nuclear Landscape. Experiment and Theory
• The s Process and Beyond
• Lipkin model on a quantum computer
• Can Neutron-Star Mergers Explain the r-process Enrichment in Globular Clusters?
• Quantal diffusion approach for multinucleon transfer processes in the ${}^{58,64}$Ni+${}^{208}$Pb reactions: Toward the production of unknown neutron-rich nuclei
• Nucleosynthesis and observation of the heaviest elements
• Evaluating Approximate Flavor Instability Metrics in Neutron Star Mergers
• Abundances of disk and bulge giants from high-resolution optical spectra -- IV. Zr, La, Ce, Eu
• Dynamical ejecta of neutron star mergers with nucleonic weak processes II: Kilonova emission
• Following nuclei through nucleosynthesis: a novel tracing technique
• Sensitivity study of \emph{r}-process abundances to nuclear masses
• OCCASO V. Chemical-abundance trends with Galactocentric distance and age
• r-Process Radioisotopes from Near-Earth Supernovae and Kilonovae
• The stellar beta-decay rate of 134Cs and its impact on the Barium nucleosynthesis in the s process
• Properties of 187Ta revealed through isomeric decay
• On Stellar Evolution In A Neutrino Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
• Numerical investigation of spallation neutrons generated from petawatt-scale laser-driven proton beams
• Collective neutrino oscillations and heavy-element nucleosynthesis in supernovae: exploring potential effects of many-body neutrino correlations
• Reverse Algols and hydrogen-rich Wolf-Rayet stars from very massive binaries
• Neural Network Emulation of Spontaneous Fission
• Exploring laser-driven neutron sources for neutron capture cascades and the production of neutron-rich isotopes
• Enhanced dynamics in fusion of neutron-rich oxygen nuclei at above-barrier energies
• Nucleosynthesis in outflows of compact objects and detection prospects of associated kilonovae
• Nuclear states projected from a pair condensate
• Quenching factor of Gamow-Teller and spin dipole giant resonances
• Finite-temperature linear response theory based on relativistic Hartree Bogoliubov model with point-coupling interaction
• The Gaia-ESO survey: placing constraints on the origin of r-process elements
• High-precision nuclear chronometer for the cosmos
• A low-metallicity massive contact binary undergoing slow Case A mass transfer: A detailed spectroscopic and orbital analysis of SSN 7 in NGC 346 in the SMC
• Underground laboratory JUNA shedding light on stellar nucleosynthesis
• Near-infrared chemical abundances of stars in the Sculptor dwarf galaxy
• Non-iterative finite amplitude methods for E1 and M1 giant resonances
• Slow Neutron-Capture Process: Low-mass AGB stars and presolar silicon carbide grains
• Projected shell model description of nuclear level density: Collective, pair-breaking, and multiquasiparticle regimes in even-even nuclei
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• On the Habitable Lifetime of Terrestrial Worlds with High Radionuclide Abundances
• Isochronic evolution and the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei
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• Correlations between nuclear landscape boundaries and neutron-rich r-process abundances
• Chemical Tagging N-rich Field Stars with High-resolution Spectroscopy
• Impact of level densities and $\gamma$-strength functions on $r$-process simulations
• Competition between allowed and first-forbidden $\beta$ decay in $r$-process waiting-point nuclei within a relativistic beyond-mean-field approach
• Neutron drip line of $Z=9-11$ isotopic chains
• Proposed Lunar Measurements of $r$-Process Radioisotopes to Distinguish Origin of Deep-sea 244Pu
• ${}^{25}$Si ${\beta }^{+}$-decay spectroscopy
• Gamow-Teller transitions of neutron-rich $N=82,81$ nuclei by shell-model calculations
• Thermonuclear 17O(n,gamma)18O reaction rate and its astrophysical implications
• Nuclear contacts of unstable nuclei
• Progress in Nuclear Astrophysics of East and Southeast Asia
• Correlation between U/Th and Pb/Os abundance ratios and its application in nuclear cosmochronology
• Supernova Preshock Neutronization Burst as a Probe of Non-Standard Neutrino Interactions
• Isovector spin susceptibility: Isotopic evolution of collectivity in spin response
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• Ultraheavy Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic Rays
• Symmetry breaking of Gamow-Teller and magnetic-dipole transitions and its restoration in calcium isotopes
• R-process Nucleosynthesis of Subminimal Neutron Star Explosions
• Neutrinos and Heavy Element Nucleosynthesis
• Theory of nuclear collective vibrations
• Multimodal fission from self-consistent calculations
• Shell-model study for allowed and forbidden ${\beta }^{-}$ decay properties in the mass region "south" of ${}^{208}$Pb
• Critically Evaluated Atomic Data for Au IV Spectrum
• Detection probability of light compact binary mergers in future observing runs of the current ground-based gravitational wave detector network
• How Do Nuclear Isomers Influence the Gamma-Ray Bursts in Binary Neutron Star Mergers?
• Impact of the latest 22Ne+α reaction rates on nucleosynthesis in massive stars and galactic chemical evolution
• Open clusters in the outer disc studied with MEGARA@GTC Auner 1 and Berkeley 102
• Ab initio calculations of beta-decay half-lives for $N=50$ neutron-rich nuclei
• Th/Eu abundance ratio of red giants in the Kepler Field
• Axially Deformed Proton-Neutron Relativistic Quasiparticle Finite Amplitude Method for Charge-Exchange Transitions
• A microscopic calculation of fission cross sections with the non-equilibrium Green function method
• Determining stellar properties of massive stars in NGC346 in the SMC with a Bayesian statistic technique
• Exploratory study on the masses of odd-$Z$ nuclei and $r$-process simulation based on the deformed relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory in continuum
• Neutrinos in colliding neutron stars and black holes
• Limits on active-sterile neutrino mixing parameters using heavy nuclei abundances
• Gamma-ray emission from decays of boosted nuclei in protomagnetar jets
• Nuclear data activities for medium mass and heavy nuclei at Los Alamos
• Silicon and Strontium abundances of very metal-poor stars determined from near-infrared spectra
• Impact of nuclear masses on r-process nucleosynthesis: bulk properties versus shell effects