$\beta$-decay half-lives and $\beta$-delayed neutron emission probabilities for several isotopes of Au, Hg, Tl, Pb and Bi, beyond N=126

Abstract

$Background:$ Previous measurements of $\beta$-delayed neutron emitters comprise around 230 nuclei, spanning from the ${}^8$He up to ${}^{150}$La. Apart from ${}^{210}$Tl, with a minuscule branching ratio of 0.007\%, no other neutron emitter is measured yet beyond $A=150$. Therefore new data are needed, particularly in the heavy mass region around N=126, in order to guide theoretical models and to understand the formation of the third r-process peak at $A\sim 195$. $Purpose:$ To measure both, $\beta$-decay half-lives and neutron branching ratios of several neutron-rich Au, Hg, Tl, Pb and Bi isotopes beyond $N=126$. $Method:$ Ions of interest are produced by fragmentation of a ${}^{238}$U beam, selected and identified via the GSI-FRS fragment separator. A stack of segmented silicon detectors (SIMBA) is used to measure ion-implants and $\beta$-decays. An array of 30 ${}^3$He tubes embedded in a polyethylene matrix (BELEN) is used to detect neutrons with high efficiency and selectivity. A self-triggered digital system is employed to acquire data and to enable time-correlations. The latter are analyzed with an analytical model and results for the half-lives and neutron-branching ratios are derived using the binned Maximum-Likelihood method. $Results:$ Twenty new $\beta$-decay half-lives are reported for ${}^{204-206}$Au, ${}^{208-211}$Hg,${}^{211-216}$Tl,${}^{215-218}$Pb and ${}^{218-220}$Bi, nine of them for the first time. Neutron emission probabilities are reported for ${}^{210,211}$Hg and ${}^{211-216}$Tl. $Conclusions:$ The new $\beta$-decay half-lives are in good agreement with previous measurements in this region. The measured neutron emission probabilities are comparable or smaller than values predicted by global models like RHB+RQRPA.

arXiv comment17 pages, 21 figures, will be submitted at PRC

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• First determination of $\beta$-delayed multiple neutron emission beyond A = 100 through direct neutron measurement: The P${}_{2n}$ value of ${}^{136}$Sb
• Shell-model study for allowed and forbidden ${\beta }^{-}$ decay properties in the mass region "south" of ${}^{208}$Pb
• A comprehensive study of decay modes associated with Pb isotopes