Neutron-Capture Elements in the Early Galaxy: Insights from a Large Sample of Metal-Poor Giants

Abstract

New abundances for neutron-capture (n-capture) elements in a large sample of metal-poor giants from the Bond survey are presented. The spectra were acquired with the KPNO 4-m echelle and coude feed spectrographs, and have been analyzed using LTE fine-analysis techniques with both line analysis and spectral synthesis. Abundances of eight n-capture elements (Sr, Y, Zr, Ba, La, Nd, Eu, Dy) in 43 stars have been derived from blue (lambda = 4070--4710, R~20,000, S/N ratio~100-200) echelle spectra and red (lambda = 6100--6180, R~22,000, S/N ratio~100-200) coude spectra, and the abundance of Ba only has been derived from the red spectra for an additional 27 stars. Overall, the abundances show clear evidence for a large star-to-star dispersion in the heavy element-to-iron ratios. The new data also confirm that at metallicities [Fe/H] <~ --2.4, the abundance pattern of the heavy (Z >= 56) n-capture elements in most giants is well-matched to a scaled Solar System r-process nucleosynthesis pattern. The onset of the main r-process can be seen at [Fe/H] ~ --2.9. Contributions from the s-process can first be seen in some stars with metallicities as low as [Fe/H] ~ --2.75, and are present in most stars with metallicities [Fe/H] > --2.3. The lighter n-capture elements (Sr-Y-Zr) are enhanced relative to the heavier r-process element abundances. Their production cannot be attributed solely to any combination of the Solar System r- and main s-processes, but requires a mixture of material from the r-process and from an additional n-capture process which can operate at early Galactic time.

Text + 5 Tables and 11 Figures: Submitted to the Astrophysical Journal

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• Neutrinos and Heavy Element Nucleosynthesis
• Complexity in small-scale dwarf spheroidal galaxies
• Constraint on the cosmic age from the solar $r$-process abundances
• The yields of r-process elements and chemical evolution of the Galaxy
• A statistical method for the identification of stars enriched in neutron-capture elements from medium-resolution spectra
• r-Process Enhanced Halo Stars
• Fluorine Abundances in Local Stellar Populations
• Observing the r-Process Signature in the Oldest Stars
• On the Chemical Composition of the Evolved Very Bright Metal-Poor Star HD 1936
• Purveyors of fine halos III. Chemical abundance analysis of a potential omega Cen associate
• Protoneutron Star Winds
• The chemical DNA of the Magellanic Clouds VI. Origin and evolution of neutron-capture elements in the SMC