Low-frequency gravitational wave memory from gamma-ray burst afterglows with energy injection

Abstract

Ultrarelativistic gamma-ray burst (GRB) jets are strong gravitational wave (GW) sources with memory-type signals. The plateau (or shallow decay) phases driven by the energy injection might appear in the early X-ray afterglows of GRBs. In this paper, we investigate the GW signal as well as X-ray afterglow emission in the framework of GRB jets with energy injection, and both short- and long-duration GRBs are considered. We find that, regardless of the case, because of the antibeaming and time delay effects, a rising slope emerging in the waveform of GW signal due to the energy injection lags far behind the energy ejection, and the typical frequency of the characteristic amplitudes falls within a low-frequency region of $\sim 10^{-4}-10^{-6}\mathrm{Hz}$; and we consider that the GW memory triggered by GRB jets with energy injection are previously unaware and the nearby GRBs with strong energy injection might disturb the measurement of the stochastic GW background. Such GW memory detection would provide a direct test for models of energy injection in the scenario of GRB jets.

9 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

References in corpus (12)

• GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral
• The Supernova -- Gamma-Ray Burst Connection
• An Ordinary Short Gamma-Ray Burst with Extraordinary Implications: Fermi-GBM Detection of GRB 170817A
• Gravitational-wave sensitivity curves
• The Dynamics and Afterglow Radiation of Gamma-Ray Bursts. I. Constant Density Medium
• On the Mechanism of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows
• High Energy Afterglow from Gamma-ray Bursts
• Prior Emission Model for X-ray Plateau Phase of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows
• A wind environment and Lorentz factors of tens explain gamma-ray bursts X-ray plateau
• Energy injection driven by precessing jets in gamma-ray burst afterglows
• Black hole hyperaccretion in collapsars. II. Gravitational waves
• Gravitational Waves from the Propagation of Long Gamma-Ray Burst jets