Prior Emission Model for X-ray Plateau Phase of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows
arXiv:0810.1089 · doi:10.1088/0004-637X/690/2/L118
Abstract
The two-component emission model to explain the plateau phase of the X-ray afterglows of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is proposed. One component, which is responsible for the plateau and subsequent normal decay phase of the X-ray afterglow, is the prior emission via outflow ejected from the central engine before the main burst. The other is the main outflow, which causes the prompt GRB emission and the initial steep decay phase of the X-ray afterglow. In this model, the transition from the plateau to the subsequent normal decay phase is an artifact of the choice of the zero of time. For events with distinct plateau phase, the central engine is active 10^3-10^4 sec before the launch of the main outflow. According to this model, a prior emission in the X-ray and/or optical bands 10^3-10^4 sec before the prompt GRB emission is possibly seen, which will be tested by near-future instruments such as Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image (MAXI), WIDe-field telescope for GRB Early Timing (WIDGET), and so on.
arXiv comment12 pages, 2 figures, ApJL in press
References in corpus (50)
- Spectra and Light Curves of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows
- Intrinsic spectra and energetics of BeppoSAX Gamma-Ray Bursts with known redshifts
- Physical processes shaping GRB X-ray afterglow lightcurves: theoretical implications from the Swift XRT observations
- Jets in GRBs
- An online repository of Swift/XRT light curves of GRBs
- Evidence for a Canonical GRB Afterglow Light Curve in the Swift/XRT Data
- Bright X-ray Flares in Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows
- Predictions for The Very Early Afterglow and The Optical Flash
- Analytic Light-Curves of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows: Homogeneous versus Wind External Media
- Afterglow Emission from Naked Gamma-Ray Bursts
- The early X-ray emission from GRBs
- Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Swift Era
- Swift observations of GRB 070110: an extraordinary X-ray afterglow powered by the central engine
- Testing the standard fireball model of GRBs using late X-ray afterglows measured by Swift
- GRB Radiative Efficiencies Derived from the Swift Data: GRBs vs. XRFs, Long vs. Short
- A Comprehensive Analysis of the Swift/XRT Data: II. Diverse Physical Origins of the Shallow Decay Segment
- REM observations of GRB 060418 and GRB 060607A: the onset of the afterglow and the initial fireball Lorentz factor determination
- An unexpectedly rapid decline in the X-ray afterglow emission of long gamma-ray bursts
- A time - luminosity correlation for Gamma Ray Bursts in the X - rays
- GRB efficiency and Possible Physical Processes Shaping the Early Afterglow
- A Comprehensive Analysis of Swift/XRT Data: III. Jet Break Candidates in X-ray and Optical Afterglow Lightcurves
- Evidence for chromatic X-ray light-curve breaks in Swift GRB afterglows and their theoretical implications
- A comprehensive analysis of Swift/XRT data: I. Apparent spectral evolution of GRB X-ray tails
- Thermalization in Relativistic Outflows and the Correlation between Spectral Hardness and Apparent Luminosity in Gamma-ray Bursts
- Can the early X-ray afterglow of GRBs be explained by a contribution from the reverse shock?
- Implications of the Early X-Ray Afterglow Light Curves of Swift GRBs
- "Late prompt" emission in Gamma Ray Bursts?
- Spectral analysis of 35 GRBs/XRFs observed with HETE-2/FREGATE
- Efficiency Crisis of Swift Gamma-Ray Bursts with Shallow X-ray Afterglows: Prior Activity or Time-Dependent Microphysics?
- Constraining the Structure of GRB Jets Through the Afterglow Light Curves
- Swift observations of GRB 060614: an anomalous burst with a well behaved afterglow
- Properties of Gamma-Ray Burst Progenitor Stars
- Swift and XMM-Newton Observations of the Extraordinary GRB 060729: An afterglow with a more than 100 days X-ray light curve
- The Case for Anisotropic Afterglow Efficiency within Gamma-Ray Burst Jets
- Distribution of Gamma-ray Burst Ejecta Energy with Lorentz Factor
- Global Properties of X-Ray Flashes and X-Ray-Rich Gamma-Ray Bursts Observed by Swift
- The Onset of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow
- Afterglow Light Curves from Impulsive Relativistic Jets with an Unconventional Structure
- Behavior of X-Ray Dust Scattering and Implications for X-Ray Afterglows of Gamma-Ray Bursts
- Unstable GRB photospheres and electron-positron annihilation lines
- Curvature Effect of a Non-Power-Law Spectrum and Spectral Evolution of GRB X-Ray Tails
- Shallow Decay of Early X-ray Afterglows from Inhomogeneous Gamma-Ray Burst Jets
- Tail Emission of Prompt Gamma-Ray Burst Jets
- Swift Discovery of Gamma-Ray Bursts without Jet Break Feature in their X-Ray Afterglows
- The Two-Component Afterglow of Swift GRB 050802
- Testing the External Shock Model of Gamma-Ray Bursts using the Late-Time Simultaneous Optical and X-ray Afterglows
- The role of afterglow break-times as GRB jet angle indicators
- X-ray afterglow light curves : toward standard candle ?
- On the "canonical behaviour" of the X-ray afterglows of the Gamma Ray Bursts observed with Swift's XRT
- A Possible New Distance Indicator -Correlation between the duration and the X-ray luminosity of the shallow decay phase of Gamma Ray Bursts-
Cited by in corpus (63)
- The Physics of Gamma-Ray Bursts and Relativistic Jets
- The Third Swift Burst Alert Telescope Gamma-Ray Burst Catalog
- Constraining GRB Initial Lorentz Factor with the Afterglow Onset Feature and Discovery of a Tight Gamma_0-E_iso Correlation
- Discovery of a tight correlation for gamma ray burst afterglows with `canonical' light curves
- Constraining properties of GRB magnetar central engines using the observed plateau luminosity and duration correlation
- Open Questions in GRB Physics
- Determination of the intrinsic Luminosity Time Correlation in the X-ray Afterglows of GRBs
- An updated Gamma Ray Bursts Hubble diagram
- A New Paradigm for Gamma Ray Bursts: Long Term Accretion Rate Modulation by an External Accretion Disk
- Slope evolution of GRB correlations and cosmology
- Luminosity--time and luminosity--luminosity correlations for GRB prompt and afterglow plateau emissions
- A study of gamma ray bursts with afterglow plateau phases associated with supernovae
- Toward a standard Gamma Ray Burst: tight correlations between the prompt and the afterglow plateau phase emission
- Study of possible systematics in the L*X - Ta* correlation of Gamma Ray Bursts
- Constraining cosmological parameters by Gamma Ray Burst X - ray afterglow lightcurves
- Internal Energy Dissipation of Gamma-Ray Bursts Observed with Swift: Precursors, Prompt Gamma-rays, Extended emission and Late X-ray Flares
- Modeling Gamma-Ray Burst X-Ray Flares within the Internal Shock Model
- Magnetar Broadband X-ray Spectra Correlated with Magnetic Fields: Suzaku Archive of SGRs and AXPs Combined with NuSTAR, Swift, and RXTE
- Gamma Ray Burst afterglow and prompt-afterglow relations: an overview
- Structured Jets and X-ray Plateaus in Gamma-Ray Burst Phenomena
- Non-parametric study of the evolution of the cosmological equation of state with SNeIa, BAO and high redshift GRBs
- Selection effects in Gamma Ray Bursts correlations: consequences on the ratio between GRB and star formation rates
- GRB 091208B: First Detection of the Optical Polarization in Early Forward Shock Emission of a Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow
- Rise and fall of the X-ray flash 080330: an off-axis jet?
- XRF 100316D/SN 2010bh: clue to the diverse origin of nearby supernova-associated GRBs
- A Comprehensive Analysis of Swift/XRT Data: IV. Single Power-Law Decaying Lightcurves vs. Canonical Lightcurves and Implications for a Unified Origin of X-rays
- A new three-parameter correlation for gamma-ray bursts with a plateau phase in the afterglow
- Bimodal Long-Lasting Components in Short Gamma-Ray Bursts: Promising Electromagnetic Counterparts to Neutron Star Binary Mergers
- On the Implications of Late Internal Dissipation for Shallow-Decay Afterglow Emission and Associated High-Energy Gamma-Ray Signals
- High redshift cosmography: new results and implication for dark energy
- GRB 090417B and its Host Galaxy: A Step Towards an Understanding of Optically-Dark Gamma-Ray Bursts
- Unusual Central Engine Activity in the Double Burst GRB 110709B
- A comprehensive statistical study on gamma-ray bursts
- Prospects for Detecting Gamma-Ray Bursts at Very High Energies with the Cherenkov Telescope Array
- Gravitational wave background from sub-luminous GRBs: prospects for second and third generation detectors
- Coasting external shock in wind medium: an origin for the X-ray plateau decay component in Swift GRB afterglows
- Study of GRB light curve decay indices in the afterglow phase
- Possible Effects of Pair Echoes on Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow Emission
- High-energy emission as a test of the prior emission model for gamma-ray burst afterglows
- Statistical analyses on the energies of X-ray plateaus and flares in gamma-ray bursts
- Evidence for energy injection and a fine-tuned central engine at optical wavelengths in GRB 070419A
- The quest for new correlations in the realm of the Gamma-Ray Burst -- Supernova connection
- The GRBs Hubble diagram in quintessential cosmological models
- The origin of the plateau and late rebrightening in the afterglow of GRB 120326A
- Constraints on the merging binary neutron star mass distribution and equation of state based on the incidence of jets in the population
- Magnetar as Central Engine of Gamma-Ray Bursts: Central Engine-Jet Connection, Wind-Jet Energy Partition, and Origin of Some Ultra-Long Bursts
- Exponentially Decaying Extended Emissions Following Short Gamma-Ray Bursts with Possible Luminosity -- E-folding Time Correlation
- Energy injection driven by precessing jets in gamma-ray burst afterglows
- Less noticeable shallow decay phase in early X-ray afterglows of GeV/TeV-detected gamma-ray bursts
- On the Subclasses in Swift Long Gamma-Ray Bursts: A Clue to Different Central Engines
- Simulations of gamma-ray burst afterglows with a relativistic kinetic code
- Long-term Continuous Energy Injection in the Afterglow of GRB 060729
- To power the X-ray plateaus of gamma-ray bursts through larger amplitude electromagnetic waves
- The shallow-decay phase in both optical and x-ray afterglows of Swift GRB 090529A: Energy injection into a wind-type medium?
- Observational constraints on the external shock prior emission hypothesis of GRBs
- Towards the Properties of Long Gamma-Ray Burst Progenitors with Swift Data
- Optical Behavior of GRB 061121 around its X-Ray Shallow Decay Phase
- WIDGET: System Performance and GRB Prompt Optical Observations
- GRB X-ray plateaus as evidence that the afterglow begins before the prompt gamma-ray emission
- Low-frequency gravitational wave memory from gamma-ray burst afterglows with energy injection
- Shallow decay phase of the early X-ray afterglow from the external shock in wind environment
- Gamma-Ray Bursts, Supernovae Ia and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations: a binned cosmological analysis
- Revisiting early afterglows of gamma-ray bursts with finite-thickness ejecta: Implications from XRF 080330 and GRB 080710