Selection effects in Gamma Ray Bursts correlations: consequences on the ratio between GRB and star formation rates

Abstract

Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) visible up to very high redshift have become attractive targets as potential new distance indicators. It is still not clear whether the relations proposed so far originate from an unknown GRB physics or result from selection effects. We investigate this issue in the case of the $L_X-T_a^{\ast }$ correlation (hereafter LT) between the X-ray luminosity $L_X(T_a)$ at the end of the plateau phase, $T_a$, and the rest frame time $T_a^{\ast }$. We devise a general method to build mock data sets starting from a GRB world model and taking into account selection effects on both time and luminosity. This method shows how not knowing the efficiency function could influence the evaluation of the intrinsic slope of any correlation and the GRB density rate. We investigate biases (small offsets in slope or normalization) that would occur in the LT relation as a result of truncations, possibly present in the intrinsic distributions of $L_X$ and $T_a^{\ast }$. We compare these results with the ones in Dainotti et al. (2013) showing that in both cases the intrinsic slope of the LT correlation is $\approx -1.0$. This method is general, therefore relevant to investigate if any other GRB correlation is generated by the biases themselves. Moreover, because the farthest GRBs and star-forming galaxies probe the reionization epoch, we evaluate the redshift-dependent ratio $\Psi (z)=(1+z{)}^{\alpha }$ of the GRB rate to star formation rate (SFR). We found a modest evolution $-0.2\le \alpha \le 0.5$ consistent with Swift GRB afterglow plateau in the redshift range $0.99<z<9.4$.

Accepted for publication in ApJ

References in corpus (18)

• On the Rates of Gamma Ray Bursts and Type Ib/c Supernovae
• A Universal Scaling for the Energetics of Relativistic Jets From Black Hole Systems
• A time - luminosity correlation for Gamma Ray Bursts in the X - rays
• Star Formation History up to z = 7.4: Implications for Gamma-Ray Bursts and the Cosmic Metallicity Evolution
• Constraining properties of GRB magnetar central engines using the observed plateau luminosity and duration correlation
• A unifying view of Gamma Ray Burst Afterglows
• Post-Launch Analysis of Swift's Gamma-Ray Burst Detection Sensitivity
• A New Paradigm for Gamma Ray Bursts: Long Term Accretion Rate Modulation by an External Accretion Disk
• Prior Emission Model for X-ray Plateau Phase of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows
• Study of possible systematics in the L*X - Ta* correlation of Gamma Ray Bursts
• The redshift distribution of gamma-ray bursts revisited
• Evidence of Exponential Decay Emission in the Swift Gamma-ray Bursts
• Enhanced Cosmological GRB Rates and Implications for Cosmogenic Neutrinos
• Spectral analysis of Swift long GRBs with known redshift
• Selection effects shaping the Gamma Ray Burst redshift distributions
• The low-luminosity tail of the GRB distribution: the case of GRB 980425
• Gamma-ray burst afterglow plateau break time - luminosity correlations favour thick shell models over thin shell models
• Open issues with the gamma-ray burst redshift distribution

Cited by in corpus (13)

• The Millisecond Magnetar Central Engine in short GRBs
• On the evolution of the Hubble constant with the SNe Ia Pantheon Sample and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations: a feasibility study for GRB-cosmology in 2030
• The X-ray fundamental plane of the Platinum Sample, the Kilonovae and the SNe Ib/c associated with GRBs
• The Gamma-ray Bursts fundamental plane correlation as a cosmological tool
• On the Existence of the Plateau Emission in High-Energy Gamma-Ray Burst LightCurves observed byFermi-LAT
• Accessing the population of high redshift Gamma Ray Bursts
• Closure relations during the plateau emission of Swift GRBs and the fundamental plane
• Cosmology Intertwined: A Review of the Particle Physics, Astrophysics, and Cosmology Associated with the Cosmological Tensions and Anomalies
• The closure relations in optical afterglow of Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Discovery of a Universal Correlation For Long and Short GRBs and Its Application on the Study of Luminosity Function and Formation Rate
• Determination of Cosmological Parameters from Gamma Ray Burst Characteristics and Afterglow Correlations
• The pulse luminosity function of Swift gamma-ray bursts
• Gamma-Ray Bursts, Supernovae Ia and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations: a binned cosmological analysis