Model-independent calibration of Gamma-Ray Bursts with neural networks

Abstract

The $\Lambda$ Cold Dark Matter ($\Lambda$CDM) cosmological model has been highly successful in predicting cosmic structure and evolution, yet recent precision measurements have highlighted discrepancies, especially in the Hubble constant inferred from local and early-Universe data. Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) present a promising alternative for cosmological measurements, capable of reaching higher redshifts than traditional distance indicators. This work leverages GRBs to refine cosmological parameters independently of the $\Lambda$CDM framework. Using the Platinum compilation of long GRBs, we calibrate the Dainotti relations-empirical correlations among GRB luminosity properties-as standard candles through artificial neural networks (ANNs). We analyze both the 2D and 3D Dainotti calibration relations, leveraging an ANN-driven Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach to minimize scatter in the calibration parameters, thereby achieving a stable Hubble diagram. This ANN-based calibration approach offers advantages over Gaussian processes, avoiding issues such as kernel function dependence and overfitting. Our results emphasize the need for model-independent calibration approaches to address systematic challenges in GRB luminosity variability, ultimately extending the cosmic distance ladder in a robust way. By addressing redshift evolution and reducing systematic uncertainties, GRBs can serve as reliable high-redshift distance indicators, offering critical insights into current cosmological tensions.

arXiv comment17 pages; 13 figure sets. Version accepted in JHEAp

References in corpus (79)

• Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant
• Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae
• Dynamics of dark energy
• The Cosmological Constant and Dark Energy
• A Comprehensive Measurement of the Local Value of the Hubble Constant with 1 km/s/Mpc Uncertainty from the Hubble Space Telescope and the SH0ES Team
• Dark Matter Search Results from a One Tonne$\times$Year Exposure of XENON1T
• Results from a search for dark matter in the complete LUX exposure
• An 800-million-solar-mass black hole in a significantly neutral Universe at redshift 7.5
• On the Hubble constant tension in the SNe Ia Pantheon sample
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: DR6 Gravitational Lensing Map and Cosmological Parameters
• The prompt energy release of gamma-ray bursts using a cosmological k-correction
• Gaussian Process Cosmography
• Local determination of the Hubble constant and the deceleration parameter
• A time - luminosity correlation for Gamma Ray Bursts in the X - rays
• On the use of the local prior on the absolute magnitude of Type Ia supernovae in cosmological inference
• The Swift Burst Analyser I: BAT and XRT spectral and flux evolution of Gamma Ray Bursts
• The Hubble Constant from Infrared Surface Brightness Fluctuation Distances
• Observations of the Naked-Eye GRB 080319B: Implications of Nature's Brightest Explosion
• Discovery of a tight correlation for gamma ray burst afterglows with `canonical' light curves
• Constraining properties of GRB magnetar central engines using the observed plateau luminosity and duration correlation
• A rapid transition of $G_{\mathrm{eff}}$ at $z_t\simeq 0.01$ as a solution of the Hubble and growth tensions
• Determination of the intrinsic Luminosity Time Correlation in the X-ray Afterglows of GRBs
• A model-independent determination of the Hubble constant from lensed quasars and supernovae using Gaussian process regression
• A fundamental plane for long gamma-ray bursts with X-ray plateaus
• An updated Gamma Ray Bursts Hubble diagram
• A new method to build the (inverse) distance ladder
• A $w-M$ phantom transition at $z_t<0.1$ as a resolution of the Hubble tension
• On the magnetar origin of the GRBs presenting X-ray afterglow plateaus
• Quantifying the $S_8$ tension with the Redshift Space Distortion data set
• The X-ray fundamental plane of the Platinum Sample, the Kilonovae and the SNe Ib/c associated with GRBs
• Slope evolution of GRB correlations and cosmology
• Reconstructing Functions and Estimating Parameters with Artificial Neural Networks: A Test with the Hubble Parameter and SNe Ia
• A study of gamma ray bursts with afterglow plateau phases associated with supernovae
• A Study of the Gamma-Ray Burst Fundamental Plane
• Constraining the GRB-magnetar model by means of the Galactic pulsar population
• Cosmic chronometers to calibrate the ladders and measure the curvature of the Universe. A model-independent study
• Late-transition vs smooth $H(z)$ deformation models for the resolution of the Hubble crisis
• Standardizing Platinum Dainotti-correlated gamma-ray bursts, and using them with standardized Amati-correlated gamma-ray bursts to constrain cosmological model parameters
• Late time approaches to the Hubble tension deforming $H(z)$, worsen the growth tension
• Study of possible systematics in the L*X - Ta* correlation of Gamma Ray Bursts
• Constraining GRB Emission Physics with Extensive Early-Time, Multiband Follow-up
• Constraining cosmological parameters by Gamma Ray Burst X - ray afterglow lightcurves
• The Gamma-ray Bursts fundamental plane correlation as a cosmological tool
• Gamma Ray Burst afterglow and prompt-afterglow relations: an overview
• How to use GP: Effects of the mean function and hyperparameter selection on Gaussian Process regression
• The Optical Luminosity-Time Correlation for More Than 100 Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows
• Non-parametric study of the evolution of the cosmological equation of state with SNeIa, BAO and high redshift GRBs
• BAO+BBN revisited -- Growing the Hubble tension with a 0.7km/s/Mpc constraint
• Selection effects in Gamma Ray Bursts correlations: consequences on the ratio between GRB and star formation rates
• On the investigation of the closure relations for Gamma-Ray Bursts observed by Swift in the post-plateau phase and the GRB fundamental plane
• Parametric and nonparametric methods hint dark energy evolution
• Constraining Teleparallel Gravity through Gaussian Processes
• The Kepler Light Curve of V344 Lyrae: Constraining the Thermal-Viscous Limit Cycle Instability
• Non-parametric reconstruction of the cosmological \textit{jerk} parameter
• Self-similar relativistic blast waves with energy injection
• The Optical Two and Three-Dimensional Fundamental Plane Correlations for Nearly 180 Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows with Swift/UVOT, RATIR, and the SUBARU Telescope
• Testing the effect of $H_0$ on $f{\sigma }_8$ tension using a Gaussian Process method
• Neural Network Reconstruction of Late-Time Cosmology and Null Tests
• Testing the Mutual Consistency of the Pantheon and SDSS/eBOSS BAO Data Sets with Gaussian Processes
• Reconstructing teleparallel gravity with cosmic structure growth and expansion rate data
• Reducing the uncertainty on the Hubble constant up to 35\% with an improved statistical analysis: different best-fit likelihoods for Supernovae Ia, Baryon Acoustic Oscillations, Quasars, and Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Assessment of the cosmic distance duality relation using Gaussian Process
• Estimating Redshifts for Long Gamma-Ray Bursts
• A data-driven Reconstruction of Horndeski gravity via the Gaussian processes
• Estimates for Lorentz factors of gamma-ray bursts from early optical afterglow observations
• Gamma-ray burst afterglow plateau break time - luminosity correlations favour thick shell models over thin shell models
• Measuring the sound horizon and absolute magnitude of SNIa by maximizing the consistency between low-redshift data sets
• Neural network reconstructions for the Hubble parameter, growth rate and distance modulus
• Model independent bounds on Type Ia supernova absolute peak magnitude
• Dark energy by natural evolution: Constraining dark energy using Approximate Bayesian Computation
• Likelihood-free Cosmological Constraints with Artificial Neural Networks: An Application on Hubble Parameters and SNe Ia
• Neural Network Reconstruction of $H^{\prime }(z)$ and its application in Teleparallel Gravity
• Neural network reconstruction of cosmology using the Pantheon compilation
• LADDER: Revisiting the Cosmic Distance Ladder with Deep Learning Approaches and Exploring its Applications
• Infrared/optical - X-ray simultaneous observations of X-ray flares in GRB 071112C and GRB 080506
• Spatial curvature sensitivity to local $H_0$ from the Cepheid distance ladder
• Magnetar central engines in gamma-ray busts follow the universal relation of accreting magnetic stars
• Checking the second law at cosmic scales
• Gamma-Ray Telescopes (in "400 Years of Astronomical Telescopes")