An Unexpectedly Swift Rise in the Gamma-ray Burst Rate

Abstract

The association of long gamma-ray bursts with supernovae naturally suggests that the cosmic GRB rate should trace the star formation history. Finding otherwise would provide important clues concerning these rare, curious phenomena. Using a new estimate of Swift GRB energetics to construct a sample of 36 luminous GRBs with redshifts in the range z=0-4, we find evidence of enhanced evolution in the GRB rate, with ~4 times as many GRBs observed at z~4 than expected from star formation measurements. This direct and empirical demonstration of needed additional evolution is a new result. It is consistent with theoretical expectations from metallicity effects, but other causes remain possible, and we consider them systematically.

4 pages, 4 figures; minor changes to agree with published version

References in corpus (24)

• The Supernova -- Gamma-Ray Burst Connection
• On the normalisation of the cosmic star formation history
• Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Long gamma-ray bursts and core-collapse supernovae have different environments
• Single star progenitors of long gamma-ray bursts I: Model grids and redshift dependent GRB rate
• Low Luminosity Gamma-Ray Bursts as a Unique Population: Luminosity Function, Local Rate, and Beaming Factor
• A Complete Catalog of Swift GRB Spectra and Durations: Demise of a Physical Origin for Pre-Swift High-Energy Correlations
• Probing the ISM Near Star Forming Regions with GRB Afterglow Spectroscopy: Gas, Metals, and Dust
• GRBs as Cosmological Probes - Cosmic Chemical Evolution
• The redshift distribution of SWIFT Gamma-Ray Bursts: evidence for evolution
• On the Redshift Distribution of Gamma Ray Bursts in the Swift Era
• Probing the cosmic star formation using long Gamma-Ray Bursts: New constraints from the Spitzer Space Telescope
• Post-Launch Analysis of Swift's Gamma-Ray Burst Detection Sensitivity
• The Gamma Ray Burst Luminosity Function in the Light of the Swift 2-year Data
• Do long-duration GRBs follow star formation?
• The redshift distribution of gamma-ray bursts revisited
• Spitzer Observations of Gamma-Ray Burst Host Galaxies: A Unique Window into High Redshift Chemical Evolution and Star-formation
• Collisions and close encounters involving massive main-sequence stars
• Enhanced Cosmological GRB Rates and Implications for Cosmogenic Neutrinos
• Jet-breaks in the X-ray Light-Curves of Swift GRB Afterglows
• The Galaxy Luminosity Function at z~1 in the HUDF: Probing the Dwarf Population
• Selection effects shaping the Gamma Ray Burst redshift distributions
• Automated analysis of eclipsing binary lightcurves with EBAS. II. Statistical analysis of OGLE LMC eclipsing binaries
• The role of afterglow break-times as GRB jet angle indicators

Cited by in corpus (102)

• The Physics of Gamma-Ray Bursts and Relativistic Jets
• Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Swift Era
• Collapsars as a major source of r-process elements
• Revealing the High-Redshift Star Formation Rate with Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Low-Resolution Spectroscopy of Gamma-ray Burst Optical Afterglows: Biases in the Swift Sample and Characterization of the Absorbers
• The Afterglows of Swift-era Gamma-Ray Bursts. I. Comparing pre-Swift and Swift era Long/Soft (Type II) GRB Optical Afterglows
• The Star Formation Rate in the Reionization Era as Indicated by Gamma-ray Bursts
• Evolution of the Intergalactic Opacity: Implications for the Ionizing Background, Cosmic Star Formation, and Quasar Activity
• The Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background is detectable in Super-Kamiokande
• Stellar black holes at the dawn of the universe
• Connecting the Gamma Ray Burst Rate and the Cosmic Star Formation History: Implications for Reionization and Galaxy Evolution
• The Afterglow of GRB 130427A from 1 to 10^16 GHz
• High-energy cosmic-ray nuclei from high- and low-luminosity gamma-ray bursts and implications for multi-messenger astronomy
• The Swift GRB Host Galaxy Legacy Survey - II. Rest-Frame NIR Luminosity Distribution and Evidence for a Near-Solar Metallicity Threshold
• The Cosmic Rate, Luminosity Function and Intrinsic Correlations of Long GRBs
• Extra-galactic high-energy transients: event rate densities and luminosity functions
• Star Formation History up to z = 7.4: Implications for Gamma-Ray Bursts and the Cosmic Metallicity Evolution
• Open Questions in GRB Physics
• The Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Host Galaxy Legacy Survey - I. Sample Selection and Redshift Distribution
• Low-Luminosity Gamma-Ray Bursts as a Distinct GRB Population:A Firmer Case from Multiple Criteria Constraints
• Gamma-ray Burst Cosmology
• The Impact of Star Formation and Gamma-Ray Burst Rates at High Redshift on Cosmic Chemical Evolution and Reionization
• Probing the Cosmic Gamma-Ray Burst Rate with Trigger Simulations of the Swift Burst Alert Telescope
• Are LGRBs biased tracers of star formation? Clues from the host galaxies of the $Swift$/BAT6 complete sample of bright LGRBs III: Stellar masses, star formation rates and metallicities at $z>1$
• Cosmological Evolution of Long Gamma-ray Bursts and Star Formation Rate
• Generalized Tests for Selection Effects in GRB High-Energy Correlations
• An unexpectedly low-redshift excess of Swift gamma-ray burst rate
• The Optically Unbiased Gamma-Ray Burst Host (TOUGH) Survey. VII. The Host Galaxy Luminosity Function: Probing the Relationship Between GRBs and Star Formation to Redshift $\sim 6$
• Gamma-ray burst rate: high-redshift excess and its possible origins
• Evidence for Luminosity Evolution of Long Gamma-ray Bursts in Swift Data
• Selection effects in Gamma Ray Bursts correlations: consequences on the ratio between GRB and star formation rates
• Connecting GRBs and ULIRGs: A Sensitive, Unbiased Survey for Radio Emission from Gamma-Ray Burst Host Galaxies at 0<z<2.5
• The high-redshift star formation rate derived from GRBs: possible origin and cosmic reionization
• Gamma-Ray Bursts Trace UV Metrics of Star Formation over 3 < z < 5
• Cosmological Tests Using GRBs, the Star Formation Rate and Possible Abundance Evolution
• Evidence for Low Extinction in Actively Star Forming Galaxies at z$>$6.5
• The formation rate of short gamma-ray bursts and gravitational waves
• Simulations on High-z Long Gamma-Ray Burst Rate
• High-redshift star formation rate up to z~8.3 derived from gamma-ray bursts and influence of background cosmology
• Probing the Neutral Fraction of the IGM with GRBs during the Epoch of Reionization
• Using Spatial Distributions to Constrain Progenitors of Supernovae and Gamma Ray Bursts
• An Evolving Stellar Initial Mass Function and the Gamma-Ray Burst Redshift Distribution
• The luminosity function of Swift long gamma-ray bursts
• Selection Effects on the Observed Redshift Dependence of GRB Jet Opening Angles
• Redshift distribution and luminosity function of long gamma-ray bursts from cosmological simulations
• On The Origin Of The Highest Redshift Gamma-Ray Bursts
• High Redshift Gamma-Ray Bursts: Observational Signatures of Superconducting Cosmic Strings?
• The Impact of Metallicity on the Rate of Type Ia Supernovae
• The Luminosity Function and Formation Rate of A Complete Sample of Long Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Determining the escape fraction of ionizing photons during reionization with the GRB derived star-formation rate
• Fast Radio Burst Distributions Consistent with the First CHIME/FRB Catalog
• Gamma-Ray Bursts: the Isotropic-Equivalent-Energy Function and the Cosmic Formation Rate
• Revisiting the luminosity and redshift distributions of long gamma-ray bursts
• Constraining the rate and luminosity function of Swift gamma-ray bursts
• A Comprehensive Study of Gamma-Ray Burst Optical Emission: III. Brightness Distributions and Luminosity Functions of Optical Afterglows
• Future Constraints on the Reionization History and the Ionizing Sources from Gamma-ray Burst Afterglows
• Cosmic Evolution of Long Gamma-Ray Burst Luminosity
• The Evolution of Gamma-ray Burst Jet Opening Angle through Cosmic Time
• A Comparative Study of Luminosity Functions and Event Rate Densities of Long GRBs with Non-parametric Method
• Constraining the Emissivity of Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays in the Distant Universe with the Diffuse Gamma-ray Emission
• Is the metallicity of the progenitor of long gamma-ray bursts really low?
• Properties of Long Gamma-Ray Burst Host Galaxies in Cosmological Simulation
• Revisiting the Redshift Distribution of Gamma Ray Bursts in the Swift Era
• Intensity Distribution and Luminosity Function of the Swift Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Are the host galaxies of Long Gamma-Ray Bursts more compact than star-forming galaxies of the field?
• Constraining the intrinsic population of Long Gamma-Ray Bursts: implications for spectral correlations, cosmic evolution and their use as tracers of star formation
• A blast from the infant Universe: the very high-z GRB 210905A
• Long gamma-ray burst rate at very high redshift
• The Cosmic MeV Neutrino Background as a Laboratory for Black Hole Formation
• Gamma-ray Bursts and the Early Star-formation History
• Gamma-ray burst cosmology: Hubble diagram and star formation history
• Radio Loud vs. Radio Quiet Gamma-ray Bursts: the Role of Binary Progenitors
• The Consequences of Gamma-ray Burst Jet Opening Angle Evolution on the Inferred Star Formation Rate
• Revised Constraints on the fast radio burst population from the first CHIME/FRB catalog
• GRBs and fundamental physics
• The metallicity and star formation activity of long gamma-ray burst hosts for z$<$3: insights from the Illustris simulation
• Non-parametric Morphologies of Mergers in the Illustris Simulation
• Research on the redshift evolution of luminosity function and selection effect of GRBs
• The GRB luminosity function in the internal shock model confronted to observations
• Resolving the Excess of Long GRBs at low redshift in the Swift Era
• Fires in the deep: The luminosity distribution of early-time gamma-ray-burst afterglows in light of the Gamow Explorer sensitivity requirements
• The luminous, massive and solar metallicity galaxy hosting the Swift gamma-ray burst, GRB 160804A at z = 0.737
• The Stellar-mass Function of Long Gamma-Ray Burst Host Galaxies
• Machine Learning Model of the Swift/BAT Trigger Algorithm for Long GRB Population Studies
• Long Gamma Ray Bursts Trace The Star Formation History
• The lag and duration-luminosity relations of gamma-ray burst pulses
• Determination of Cosmological Parameters from Gamma Ray Burst Characteristics and Afterglow Correlations
• The Redshift Dependence of the Radio Flux of Gamma-Ray Bursts and Their Host Galaxies
• Revisiting the Relationship between the Long GRB Rate and Cosmic Star Formation History Based on a Large Swift Sample
• Gamma-Ray Burst Host Galaxies: Specific Star Formation Rate vs. Metallicity
• Luminosity Function of collapsar Gamma-Ray Bursts:the Progenitor of Long Gamma-Ray Bursts Is Not Singular
• The pulse luminosity function of Swift gamma-ray bursts
• Probing Evolution of Long Gamma-Ray Burst Properties through Their Cosmic Formation History
• The star formation history inferred from long gamma-ray bursts with high pseudo-redshifts
• Probing evolution of Long GRB properties through their cosmic formation history aided by Machine Learning predicted redshifts
• The redshift evolution of the luminosity function of type II GRBs
• Expected Gamma-Ray Burst Detection Rates and Redshift Distributions for the BlackCAT CubeSat Mission
• Detecting the early optical flashes of gamma-ray bursts with small telescope arrays
• Evolution of progenitor stars of Type Ibc supernovae and long gamma-ray bursts
• Luminosity function of Type II GRBs:differences from long GRBs
• Stellar black holes: cosmic history and feedback at the dawn of the universe
• Ultra-high energy cosmic rays with UFA-15 source model in Bumblebee gravity theory