Rapid X-ray Declines and Plateaus in Swift GRB Light Curves Explained by A Highly Radiative Blast Wave

Abstract

GRB X-ray light curves display rapid declines followed by a gradual steepening or plateau phase in >~ 30% of GRBs in the Swift sample. Treating the standard relativistic blastwave model in a uniform circumburst medium, it is shown that if GRBs accelerate ultra-high energy cosmic rays through a Fermi mechanism, then the hadronic component can be rapidly depleted by means of photopion processes on time scales ~100 - 10^4 s after the GRB explosion. While discharging the hadronic energy in the form of ultra-high energy cosmic ray neutrals and escaping cosmic-ray ions, the blast wave goes through a strongly radiative phase, causing the steep declines observed with Swift. Following the discharge, the blast wave recovers its adiabatic behavior, forming the observed plateaus or slow declines. These effects are illustrated by calculations of model bolometric light curves. The results show that steep X-ray declines and plateau features occur when GRB sources take place in rather dense media, with n >~ 100 cc out to >~ 10^17 cm.

13 pages, 7 figs, minor changes from previous version; accepted for publication in ApJ

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