The Host Galaxy of the Recoiling Black Hole Candidate in 3C 186: An Old Major Merger Remnant at the Center of a z=1 Cluster
arXiv:2204.12499 · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac6a58
Abstract
3C186, a radio-loud quasar at , was previously reported to have both velocity and spatial offsets from its host galaxy, and has been considered as a promising candidate for a gravitational wave recoiling black hole triggered by a black hole merger. Another possible scenario is that 3C186 is in an on-going galaxy merger, exhibiting a temporary displacement. In this study, we present analyses of new deep HST/WFC3-IR and ACS images, aiming to characterize the host galaxy and test this alternative scenario. We carefully measure the light-weighted center of the host and reveal a significant spatial offset from the quasar core (kpc). The direction of the confirmed offset aligns almost perpendicularly to the radio jet. We do not find evidence of a recent merger, such as a young starburst in disturbed outskirts, but only marginal light concentration in F160W at kpc. The host consists of matured (Myr) stellar populations and one compact star-forming region. We compare with hydro-dynamical simulations and find that those observed features are consistently seen in late-stage merger remnants. Taken together, those pieces of evidence indicate that the system is not an on-going/young merger remnant, suggesting that the recoiling black hole scenario is still a plausible explanation for the puzzling nature of 3C186.
arXiv commentAccepted for publication in ApJ. 14 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables
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