Broadband spectral and temporal study of Ton 599 during the brightest January 2023 flare

Abstract

In this work, we provide a detailed analysis of the broadband temporal and spectral properties of the blazar Ton\,599 by using the observations from \emph{Fermi}-LAT and \emph{Swift}-XRT/UVOT telescopes, during its brightest $\gamma$-ray flaring. The one-day bin $\gamma$-ray light curve exhibits multiple substructures with asymmetric and symmetric profiles. Notably, the $\gamma$-ray light curve shows a maximum flux of $3.63\times 10^{-6}\mathrm{ph}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{-2}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ on MJD\,59954.50, which is the highest flux ever observed from this source. The correlation between the $\gamma$-ray flux and $\gamma$-ray spectral indices suggests a moderate harder when the brighter trend. Taking $\gamma$-ray light curve as the reference, a strong correlation is observed with X-ray, optical, and UV energies. Additionally, the $\gamma$-rays and optical/UV emissions exhibit higher variability compared to X-rays. To understand the parameter variation during the active state of the source, we conducted a statistical broadband spectral modelling of the source in 10 flux intervals of equal duration. A one-zone leptonic model involving synchrotron, synchrotron-self-Compton, and external-Compton processes successfully reproduces the broadband SED in each of these flux intervals. We observed that the flux variation during the active state is mainly associated with the variation in the magnetic field and the particle spectral indices.

arXiv comment9 pages, 5 figures

References in corpus (70)

• emcee: The MCMC Hammer
• Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003
• A Fundamental Relation Between Supermassive Black Holes and Their Host Galaxies
• Coevolution (Or Not) of Supermassive Black Holes and Host Galaxies
• The Host Galaxies of AGN
• A Relationship Between Nuclear Black Hole Mass and Galaxy Velocity Dispersion
• Energy input from quasars regulates the growth and activity of black holes and their host galaxies
• Reverberation Measurements for 17 Quasars and the Size-Mass-Luminosity Relations in Active Galactic Nuclei
• The Man Behind the Curtain: X-rays Drive the UV through NIR Variability in the 2013 AGN Outburst in NGC 2617
• Central Masses and Broad-Line Region Sizes of Active Galactic Nuclei. II. A Homogeneous Analysis of a Large Reverberation-Mapping Database
• Improving the full spectrum fitting method: accurate convolution with Gauss-Hermite functions
• First Results from the Catalina Real-time Transient Survey
• The All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN) Light Curve Server v1.0
• The Low-Luminosity End of the Radius-Luminosity Relationship for Active Galactic Nuclei
• Estimating Black Hole Masses in Active Galaxies Using the Halpha Emission Line
• The Zwicky Transient Facility: Surveys and Scheduler
• A possible close supermassive black-hole binary in a quasar with optical periodicity
• A systematic search for close supermassive black hole binaries in the Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey
• The Zwicky Transient Facility: Observing System
• Equal- and unequal-mass mergers of disk and elliptical galaxies with black holes
• Ejection of Supermassive Black Holes from Galaxy Cores
• A recoiling supermassive black hole in the quasar SDSSJ092712.65+294344.0?
• A Large Systematic Search for Recoiling and Close Supermassive Binary Black Holes
• Supermassive Black Holes with High Accretion Rates in Active Galactic Nuclei. IX 10 New Observations of Reverberation Mapping and Shortened H$\beta$ Lags
• The Lick AGN Monitoring Project 2011: Spectroscopic Campaign and Emission-Line Light Curves
• The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping Project: Sample Characterization
• Dynamics of triple black hole systems in hierarchically merging massive galaxies
• The effect of gravitational-wave recoil on the demography of massive black holes
• Evolution of the Nuclear Accretion Disk Emission in NGC 1097: Getting Closer to the Black Hole
• Identifying Supermassive Black Hole Binaries with Broad Emission Line Diagnosis
• A close-pair binary in a distant triple supermassive black-hole system
• Recoiling black holes: prospects for detection and implications of spin alignment
• Gravitational recoil: signatures on the massive black hole population
• SDSS J092712.65+294344.0: Recoiling Black Hole or A Sub-parsec Binary Candidate?
• Effects of gravitational-wave recoil on the dynamics and growth of supermassive black holes
• Double-peaked profiles: ubiquitous signatures of disks in the Broad Emission Lines of Active Galactic Nuclei
• Double-peaked narrow emission-line galaxies from Sloan Digital Sky Survey. I. Sample and basic properties
• A Kiloparsec-Scale Binary Active Galactic Nucleus Confirmed by the Expanded Very Large Array
• Obscured Binary Quasar Cores in SDSS J104807.74+005543.5?
• Steps Toward Determination of the Size and Structure of the Broad-Line Region in Active Galactic Nuclei. XV. Long-Term Optical Monitoring of NGC 5548
• A Large Systematic Search for Close Supermassive Binary and Rapidly Recoiling Black Holes - III. Radial Velocity Variations
• Tidal Disruption Flares from Recoiling Supermassive Black Holes
• Narrow double-peaked emission lines of SDSS J131642.90+175332.5: signature of a single or a binary AGN in a merger, jet-cloud interaction, or unusual narrow-line region geometry
• Recalibration of the $M_{BH}-{\sigma }_{\star }$ Relation for AGN
• The Quasar SDSS J105041.35+345631.3: Black Hole Recoil or Extreme Double-Peaked Emitter?
• SDSS J0159+0105: A Radio-Quiet Quasar with a Centi-Parsec Supermassive Black Hole Binary Candidate
• A local baseline of the black hole mass scaling relations for active galaxies. IV. Correlations between $M_{\mathrm{BH}}$ and host galaxy $\sigma$, stellar mass, and luminosity
• Varstrometry for Off-nucleus and Dual sub-Kpc AGN (VODKA): How Well-centered Are Low-z AGN?
• The nature of the HE0450-2958 System
• Recoiling Supermassive Black Holes: a search in the Nearby Universe
• A Large Systematic Search for Close Supermassive Binary and Rapidly Recoiling Black Holes - II. Continued Spectroscopic Monitoring and Optical Flux Variability
• Gravitational Wave Recoil Oscillations of Black Holes: Implications for Unified Models of Active Galactic Nuclei
• The puzzling case of the radio-loud QSO 3C 186: a gravitational wave recoiling black hole in a young radio source?
• Recoiling supermassive black hole in changing-look AGN Mrk 1018
• Supermassive Black Hole and Broad-line Region in NGC~5548: Results from Five-season Reverberation Mapping
• SDSS 0956+5128: A Broad-line Quasar with Extreme Velocity Offsets
• AGN on the move: A search for off-nuclear AGN from recoiling SMBHs and ongoing galaxy mergers with the Zwicky Transient Facility
• SDSS J1056+5516: A Triple AGN or an SMBH Recoil Candidate?
• Double-peaked Narrow Emission-line Galaxies in LAMOST Survey
• A Potential Recoiling Supermassive Black Hole CXO J101527.2+625911
• The recoiling black hole candidate 3C 186: spatially-resolved quasar feedback and further evidence of a blue-shifted broad line region
• Further evidence to support a tidal disruption event in the changing-look AGN SDSS J0159
• Dependence of NLRs sizes on [OIII] luminosity in low redshift AGN with double-peaked broad Balmer emission lines
• A 6.4yr optical quasi-periodic oscillations in SDSS J075217.84+193542.2: a new candidate for central binary black hole system
• Kinematically Identified Recoiling Supermassive Black Hole Candidates in SDSS QSOs with z $<$ 0.25
• A 3.8yr optical quasi-periodic oscillations in blue quasar SDSS J132144+033055 through combined light curves from CSS and ZTF
• SDSS J1058+5443: A blue quasar does not have optical/NUV broad emission lines
• On strong correlation between shifted velocity and line width of broad blue-shifted [OIII] components in quasars
• The Host Galaxy of the Recoiling Black Hole Candidate in 3C 186: An Old Major Merger Remnant at the Center of a z=1 Cluster
• The bluest changing-look QSO SDSS J224113-012108

Cited by in corpus (1)

• GA-NIFS: The highly overdense system BR1202-0725 at z $\sim$ 4.7. A double AGN with fast outflows plus eight companion galaxies