Bubble Clustering in Cosmological First Order Phase Transitions

Abstract

False vacuum decay in quantum mechanical first order phase transitions is a phenomenon with wide implications in cosmology, and presents interesting theoretical challenges. In the standard approach, it is assumed that false vacuum decay proceeds through the formation of bubbles that nucleate at random positions in spacetime and subsequently expand. In this paper we investigate the presence of correlations between bubble nucleation sites using a recently proposed semi-classical stochastic description of vacuum decay. This procedure samples vacuum fluctuations, which are then evolved using classical lattice simulations. We compute the two-point function for bubble nucleation sites from an ensemble of simulations, demonstrating that nucleation sites cluster in a way that is qualitatively similar to peaks in random Gaussian fields. We qualitatively assess the phenomenological implications of bubble clustering in early Universe phase transitions, which include features in the power spectrum of stochastic gravitational waves and an enhancement or suppression of the probability of observing bubble collisions in the eternal inflation scenario.

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Cited by in corpus (12)

• Quantum Simulation for High Energy Physics
• Cosmological phase transitions: from perturbative particle physics to gravitational waves
• Inflationary Butterfly Effect: Non-perturbative Dynamics From Small-Scale Features
• Real-time dynamics of false vacuum decay
• Analog vacuum decay from vacuum initial conditions
• Mass Renormalization in Lattice Simulations of False Vacuum Decay
• Bubble velocities and oscillon precursors in first-order phase transitions
• Generalized cold-atom simulators for vacuum decay
• Bubble nucleation in a cold spin 1 gas
• Real-Time Nucleation and Off-Equilibrium Effects in High-Temperature Quantum Field Theories
• Bubbles in a box: Eliminating edge nucleation in cold-atom simulators of vacuum decay
• Numerical simulations of primordial black hole formation via delayed first-order phase transitions