Bubble nucleation in a cold spin 1 gas

Abstract

Cold atomic gases offer the prospect of simulating the physics of the very early universe in the laboratory. In the condensate phase, the gas is described by a field theory with key features of high energy particle theory. This paper describes a three level system which undergoes a first order phase transition through the nucleation of bubbles. The theoretical investigation shows bubbles nucleating in two dimensions at non-zero temperature. There is good agreement between the bubble nucleation rates calculated from a Stochastic Projected Gross-Pitaevskii equation and from a non-perturbative instanton method. When an optical box trap is included in the simulations, the bubbles nucleate preferentially near the walls of the trap.

17 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2108.05740

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• Generalized cold-atom simulators for vacuum decay
• Bubbles in a box: Eliminating edge nucleation in cold-atom simulators of vacuum decay
• Temperature driven false vacuum decay in coherently coupled Bose superfluids