False vacuum decay in an ultracold spin-1 Bose gas

Abstract

We propose an ultracold atom analogue of early universe vacuum decay using all three states of a spin-1 Bose gas. We consider a one-dimensional system with both radio frequency and optical Raman coupling between internal states. An advantage of our proposal is the lack of a time-modulated coupling, which can lead to instabilities. Within the elaborate phase structure of the system we identify an effective Klein-Gordon field and use Gross-Pitaevskii simulations within the truncated Wigner approximation to model the decay of its false vacuum. We examine the dependence of the rate of vacuum decay on particle density for ${}^7$Li and ${}^{41}$K and find reasonable agreement with instanton methods.

5 pages, 5 figures v2: changes to the text and figures, new licence

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• Fate of False Vacuum in Non-perturbative Regimes
• Dynamics of a Nonequilibrium Discontinuous Quantum Phase Transition in a Spinor Bose-Einstein Condensate
• Bubbles in a box: Eliminating edge nucleation in cold-atom simulators of vacuum decay
• Fate of false vacuum in non-perturbative regimes: Gravity effects
• Emergent quantum field theories on curved spacetimes in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates: from scalar to Proca fields
• Temperature driven false vacuum decay in coherently coupled Bose superfluids