Entanglement Structures in Quantum Field Theories II: Distortions of Vacuum Correlations Through the Lens of Local Observers

Abstract

When observing a quantum field via detectors with access to only the mixed states of spatially separated, local regions -- a ubiquitous experimental design -- the capacity to access the full extent of distributed entanglement can be limited, shrouded by classical correlations. By performing projective measurements of the field external to two detection patches and classically communicating the results, underlying pure states may be identified for which entanglement quantification is clear. In the Gaussian continuous-variable states of the free scalar field vacuum, this protocol uncovers a disparity between the spacelike entanglement established within the field and that which is locally detectable. This discrepancy is found to grow exponentially with the separation between observation regions. The protocol developed herein offers insight and practical guidance for clarifying the unavoidable distortion of quantum field correlations when viewed from the vantage of a pair of local observers.

13 pages, 3 figures, 5 appendices

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• Detecting spacelike vacuum entanglement at all distances and promoting negativity to a necessary and sufficient entanglement measure in many-body regimes
• Identification of a natural fieldlike entanglement resource in trapped-ion chains
• Entanglement and magic on the light-front
• Finite Gaussian assistance protocols and a conic metric for extremizing spacelike vacuum entanglement