Directional association of TeV to PeV astrophysical neutrinos with radio blazars

Abstract

Recently we have shown that high-energy neutrinos above 200 TeV detected by IceCube are produced within several parsecs in the central regions of radio-bright blazars, that is active galactic nuclei with jets pointing towards us. To independently test this result and extend the analysis to a wider energy range, we use public data for all neutrino energies from seven years of IceCube observations. The IceCube point-source likelihood map is analyzed against the positions of blazars from a statistically complete sample selected by their compact radio flux density. The latter analysis delivers a 3.0 sigma significance with the combined post-trial significance of both studies being 4.1 sigma. The correlation is driven by a large number of blazars. Together with fainter but physically similar sources not included in the sample, they may explain the entire IceCube astrophysical neutrino flux as derived from muon-track analyses. The neutrinos can be produced in interactions of relativistic protons with X-ray self-Compton photons in parsec-scale blazar jets.

14 pages, 5 figures; accepted to ApJ; v2: extended and clarified discussion, added a diagram; v3: improved numerical estimates

References in corpus (29)

• Observation and Characterization of a Cosmic Muon Neutrino Flux from the Northern Hemisphere using six years of IceCube data
• Time-integrated Neutrino Source Searches with 10 years of IceCube Data
• Kinematics of Parsec-Scale Jets of Gamma-Ray Blazars at 43~GHz within the VLBA-BU-BLAZAR Program
• Fast variability of TeV gamma-rays from the radio galaxy M 87
• All-sky search for time-integrated neutrino emission from astrophysical sources with 7 years of IceCube data
• Characteristics of the diffuse astrophysical electron and tau neutrino flux with six years of IceCube high energy cascade data
• The contribution of Fermi-2LAC blazars to the diffuse TeV-PeV neutrino flux
• MOJAVE. XVII. Jet Kinematics and Parent Population Properties of Relativistically Beamed Radio-Loud Blazars
• Constraining High-Energy Cosmic Neutrino Sources: Implications and Prospects
• The Pacific Ocean Neutrino Experiment
• Rapid Variability of Blazar 3C 279 during Flaring States in 2013-2014 with Joint Fermi-LAT, NuSTAR, Swift, and Ground-Based Multi-wavelength Observations
• The Sixth VLBA Calibrator Survey: VCS6
• The Fifth VLBA Calibrator Survey: VCS5
• Observational evidence for the origin of high-energy neutrinos in parsec-scale nuclei of radio-bright active galaxies
• The VLA-COSMOS 3~GHz Large Project: Cosmic evolution of radio AGN and implications for radio-mode feedback since z~5
• KM3NeT: Towards a km3 Mediterranean Neutrino Telescope
• Radio/gamma-ray time delay in the parsec-scale cores of active galactic nuclei
• Anisotropy vs chemical composition at ultra-high energies
• The wide-field VLBA calibrator survey -- WFCS
• The LBA Calibrator Survey of southern compact extragalactic radio sources - LCS1
• New Associations of Gamma-Ray Sources from the Fermi Second Source Catalog
• Time Dependent Hadronic Modeling of Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars
• Multiwavelength behaviour of the blazar 3C279: decade-long study from $\gamma$-ray to radio
• ANTARES and IceCube Combined Search for Neutrino Point-like and Extended Sources in the Southern Sky
• Apparent superluminal core expansion and limb brightening in the candidate neutrino blazar TXS 0506+056
• Bayesian constraints on the astrophysical neutrino source population from IceCube data
• Neutrino telescopes and high-energy cosmic neutrinos
• Parsec-scale properties of steep and flat spectrum extragalactic radio sources from a VLBA survey of a complete north polar cap sample
• Acceleration of high energy protons in AGN relativistic jets

Cited by in corpus (64)

• Key Science Goals for the Next-Generation Event Horizon Telescope
• MOJAVE XIX: Brightness Temperatures and Intrinsic Properties of Blazar Jets
• Association of IceCube neutrinos with radio sources observed at Owens Valley and Metsähovi Radio Observatories
• Beginning a journey across the universe: the discovery of extragalactic neutrino factories
• Search for High-Energy Neutrino Emission from Radio-Bright AGN
• Growing evidence for high-energy neutrinos originating in radio blazars
• The Radio Fundamental Catalogue. I. Astrometry
• Starburst galaxies strike back: a multi-messenger analysis with Fermi-LAT and IceCube data
• Constraints on the models of the origin of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos
• MOJAVE. XX. Persistent Linear Polarization Structure in Parsec-scale AGN Jets
• Galactic contribution to the high-energy neutrino flux found in track-like IceCube events
• Observation of photons above 300 TeV associated with a high-energy neutrino from the Cygnus region
• Correlating high-energy IceCube neutrinos with 5BZCAT blazars and RFC sources
• The Spectra of IceCube Neutrino (SIN) candidate sources -- II. Source Characterisation
• High-energy neutrino-induced cascade from the direction of the flaring radio blazar TXS 0506+056 observed by Baikal-GVD in 2021
• Multiwavelength search for the origin of IceCube's neutrinos
• Neutrino follow-up with the Zwicky Transient Facility: Results from the first 24 campaigns
• Search for directional associations between Baikal Gigaton Volume Detector neutrino-induced cascades and high-energy astrophysical sources
• Investigating the correlations between IceCube high-energy neutrinos and Fermi-LAT gamma-ray observations
• The spectra of IceCube Neutrino (SIN) candidate sources -- III. Optical spectroscopy and source characterization of the full sample
• Searches for neutrinos in the direction of radio-bright blazars with the ANTARES telescope
• Modeling the motion of a bright spot in jets from black holes M87* and SgrA*
• Neutrino flares of radio blazars observed from TeV to PeV
• Association of the IceCube neutrinos with blazars in the CGRaBS sample
• The origin of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos: new results and prospects
• The hunt for extraterrestrial high-energy neutrino counterparts
• Flare Duty Cycle of Gamma-Ray Blazars and Implications for High-Energy Neutrino Emission
• Carpet-2 search for gamma rays above 100 TeV in coincidence with HAWC and IceCube alerts
• Probing the connection between IceCube neutrinos and MOJAVE AGN
• High-energy neutrinos from choked-jet supernovae: Searches and implications
• Multi-epoch leptohadronic modeling of neutrino source candidate blazar PKS 0735+178
• The relativistic parsec-scale jets of the blazars TXS 0506+056 and PKS 0502+049 and their possible association with gamma-ray flares and neutrino production
• Looking into the Jet Cone of the Neutrino-Associated Very High Energy Blazar PKS 1424+240
• Neutrino production in blazar radio cores
• Multi-messenger emission from magnetic reconnection in blazar jets: the case of TXS 0506+056
• Probing neutrino production in blazars by millimeter VLBI
• Hard X-ray emission from blazars associated with high-energy neutrinos
• Hunting for neutrino emission from multi-frequency variable sources
• A VLBI Calibrator Grid at 600MHz for Fast Radio Transient Localizations with CHIME/FRB Outriggers
• Modelling the persistent low-state $\gamma$-ray emission of the PKS 1510-089 blazar with electromagnetic cascades initiated in hadronuclear interactions
• Optical and Radio Variability of the Blazar S4 0954+658
• The Observation of High-Energy Neutrinos from the Cosmos: Lessons Learned for Multimessenger Astronomy
• Energy-dependent flavor ratios, cascade/track spectrum tension and high-energy neutrinos from magnetospheres of supermassive black holes
• Observing the inner parsec-scale region of candidate neutrino-emitting blazars
• Multimessenger Astronomy with Neutrinos
• Multi-messenger connection in high-energy neutrino astronomy
• High-Energy Astrophysical Neutrinos from Cosmic Strings
• VLBI Analysis of a Potential High-Energy Neutrino Emitter Blazar
• First Search for High-Energy Neutrino Emission from Galaxy Mergers
• Extreme Jet Beaming Observed in Neutrino-Associated Blazars
• The dynamics of the parsec-scale jet in the neutrino blazar PKS 0735+178
• Magnetic Reconnection as a Potential Driver of X-ray Variability in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Investigating the correlations between IceCube high-energy neutrinos and Fermi-LAT $\gamma$-ray observations. II
• Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars as high-energy neutrino sources
• On the contribution of cosmic-ray interactions in the circumgalactic gas to the observed high-energy neutrino flux
• Optimizing the hunt for extraterrestrial high-energy neutrino counterparts
• Status and Perspectives of Neutrino Physics
• The physical properties of candidate neutrino-emitter blazars
• Rapid jet ejection from PKS 0215+015 coincident with a high-energy neutrino event
• Selected results from IceCube
• An isotropic full-sky sample of optically selected blazars
• The science case and challenges of space-borne sub-millimeter interferometry
• New limit on high Galactic latitude PeV gamma-ray flux from Tibet AS-gamma data
• Neutrino Astronomy at High Energies - An Experimental Review