AGN Black Hole Masses and Bolometric Luminosities

Abstract

Black hole mass, along with mass accretion rate, is a fundamental property of active galactic nuclei. Black hole mass sets an approximate upper limit to AGN energetics via the Eddington limit. We collect and compare all AGN black hole mass estimates from the literature; these 177 masses are mostly based on the virial assumption for the broad emission lines, with the broad-line region size determined from either reverberation mapping or optical luminosity. We introduce 200 additional black hole mass estimates based on properties of the host galaxy bulges, using either the observed stellar velocity dispersion or using the fundamental plane relation to infer $\sigma$; these methods assume that AGN hosts are normal galaxies. We compare 36 cases for which black hole mass has been generated by different methods and find, for individual objects, a scatter as high as a couple of orders of magnitude. The less direct the method, the larger the discrepancy with other estimates, probably due to the large scatter in the underlying correlations assumed. Using published fluxes, we calculate bolometric luminosities for 234 AGNs and investigate the relation between black hole mass and luminosity. In contrast to other studies, we find no significant correlation of black hole mass with luminosity, other than those induced by circular reasoning in the estimation of black hole mass. The Eddington limit defines an approximate upper envelope to the distribution of luminosities, but the lower envelope depends entirely on the sample of AGN included. For any given black hole mass, there is a range in Eddington ratio of up to three orders of magnitude.

43 pages with 10 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ

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• Jet Properties of Compact Steep-Spectrum Sources and an Eddington-Ratio-Driven Unification Scheme of Jet Radiation in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Black hole spin: theory and observation
• The nature of the torus in the heavily obscured AGN Markarian 3: an X-ray study
• Multi-color optical monitoring of Mrk 501 from 2010 to 2015
• The Duty-cycle of Gamma-ray Blazars: a New Approach, New Results
• Major Mergers of Haloes, Growth of Massive Black Holes and Evolving Luminosity Function of Quasars
• Probing the M-sigma Relation in the Non-Local Universe Using Red QSOs
• Determination of Central Engine Position and Accretion Disk Structure in NGC 4261 by Core Shift Measurements
• Parameter constraints in a near-equipartition model with multi-frequency \emph{NuSTAR}, \emph{Swift} and \emph{Fermi-LAT} data from 3C 279
• High Energy spectra of Seyferts and Unification schemes
• A correlation between the spectral and timing properties of AGN
• Broadband variability and correlation study of 3C 279 during flare of 2017-2018
• The X-ray spectrum of NGC 7213 and the Seyfert--LINER connection
• Acceleration and propagation of ultra high energy cosmic rays
• Evolution of the accretion disk around the supermassive black hole of NGC 7213
• Accretion Properties of High- and Low-Excitation Young Radio Galaxies
• Compton-thick AGN in the NuSTAR era II: A deep NuSTAR and XMM-Newton view of the candidate Compton thick AGN in NGC 1358
• A novel black-hole mass scaling relation based on coronal gas, and its dependence with the accretion disc
• Multi-color optical monitoring of ten blazars from 2005 to 2011
• The emergence of diffused Gamma-Ray Burst afterglows from the disks of Active Galactic Nuclei
• Intraday Optical Variability of BL Lacertae
• BL Lacertae: X-ray spectral evolution and a black-hole mass estimate
• Measuring the level of nuclear activity in Seyfert galaxies and the unification scheme
• Calibrating Mg II-based black-hole mass estimators using Low-to-High-Luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei
• A Study of Outflows in Luminous Quasars at Redshift $\sim 0.4-0.8$
• NuSTAR Observations of AGN with Low Observed X-ray to [OIII] Luminosity Ratios: Heavily Obscured AGN or Turned-Off AGN?
• Transient obscuration event captured in NGC~3227 II. Warm absorbers and obscuration events in archival XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations
• The radio loud narrow-line quasar SDSSJ172206.03+565451.6
• On the efficiency of jet production in FR II radio galaxies and quasars
• The Fundamental Plane of QSOs and the Relationship Between Host and Nucleus
• Ambilateral collimation study of the twin-jets in NGC1052
• The reverberation signatures of rotating disc winds in active galactic nuclei
• An X-ray view of central engines of low luminosity quasars (LLQSO) in the local Universe
• Hard X-ray spectral variability of the brightest Seyfert AGN in the Swift/BAT sample
• Physical parameters of active galactic nuclei derived from properties of jet geometry transition region
• Multi-wavelength Variability of the Broad Line Radio Galaxy 3C 120
• Modeling the Broadband Emission of 3C 454.3
• Investigating the Narrow Line Region Dynamics in Nearby Active Galaxies
• The long-term centimeter variability of active galactic nuclei: A new relation between variability timescale and accretion rate
• The Bright $\gamma$-ray Flare of 3C 279 in June 2015: AGILE Detection and Multifrequency Follow-up Observations
• X-ray and UV Monitoring of the Seyfert 1.5 Galaxy Markarian 817
• Adaptive optics near infrared integral field spectroscopy of NGC 2992
• The jet collimation profile at high resolution in BL Lacertae
• Variability of Moderate Luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei at z=0.36
• Probing the gamma-ray variability in 3C279 using broadband observations
• Reconstructing the Cosmic Evolution of Quasars from the Age Distribution of Local Early-Type Galaxies
• WISDOM project -- VIII. Multi-scale feedback cycles in the brightest cluster galaxy NGC 0708
• The physical properties of \textit{Fermi} TeV BL Lac objects jets
• The relation between star formation rate and accretion rate in LINERs
• Evidence for A Hot Wind from High-resolution X-ray Spectroscopic Observation of the Low-luminosity Active Galactic Nucleus in NGC 7213
• A Black Hole Mass-Variability Time Scale Correlation at Submillimeter Wavelengths
• The First Hard X-Ray Power Spectral Density Functions of AGN
• Curvature of the spectral energy distribution, the dominant process for inverse Compton component and other jet properties in Fermi 2LAC blazars
• On the variability of the iron line in Mrk 841
• Study of X-ray variability and coronae of Seyfert galaxies using NuSTAR
• Compton-thick AGN in the NuSTAR era IV: A deep NuSTAR and XMM-Newton view of the candidate Compton thick AGN in ESO 116-G018
• Host Galaxies of the High-redshift AGNs in the GOODS Fields
• A long hard-X-ray look at the dual active galactic nuclei of M51 with NuSTAR
• The X-ray reflection spectrum of the radio-loud quasar 4C 74.26
• Gemini Near-Infrared Field Spectrograph Observations of the Seyfert 2 Galaxy Mrk 3: Feeding and Feedback on Galactic and Nuclear Scales
• An Elusive Population of Massive Disk Galaxies Hosting Double-lobed Radio-loud AGNs
• An insight into the extragalactic transient and variable microJy radio sky across multiple decades
• From Thin to Thick: The Impact of X-ray Irradiation on Accretion Disks in AGN
• A Compact Jet at the Infrared Heart of the Prototypical Low-Luminosity AGN in NGC 1052
• Ultraviolet and X-ray Variability of the Seyfert 1.5 Galaxy Markarian 817
• Long-term optical spectroscopic variations in blazar 3C 454.3
• The relationship between radio power at 22 and 43 GHz and black hole properties of AGN in elliptical galaxies
• Long Term Multi-band Near Infra-Red Variability of the Blazar OJ 287 during 2007--2021
• The transient event in NGC 1566 from 2017 to 2019 -- I. An eccentric accretion disk and a turbulent, disk-dominated broad-line region unveiled by double-peaked Ca II and O I lines
• Extremely rapid x-ray flares of tev blazars in the rxte era
• The longest timescale X-ray variability reveals an evidence for active galactic nuclei in the high accretion state
• Doppler disc tomography applied to low mass AGN spin
• Limits on luminosity and mass accretion rate of a radiation pressure dominated accretion disc
• SOFIA/FORCAST resolves 30 - 40 um extended dust emission in nearby active galactic nuclei
• Variability and the size-luminosity relation of the intermediate mass AGN in NGC 4395
• A Deep 0.3-10 keV Spectrum of the H${}_2$O Maser Galaxy IC 2560
• Relation between the variations in the MgII $\lambda 2798$ emission-line and the 3000 Å continuum
• Black Hole - Bulge Relationship of Post-Starburst Quasars at z \sim 0.3
• Reaching the Peak of the Quasar Spectral Energy Distribution I: Observations and Models
• The evolution of the Fundamental Plane of radio galaxies from z~0.5 to the present day
• X-ray spectroscopy of the Compton-thick Seyfert 2 ESO 138-G1
• The Connection between 3.3 μm PAH Emission and AGN Activity
• Outflow densities and ionisation mechanisms in the NLRs of the prototypical Seyfert galaxies NGC 1068 and NGC 4151
• HAWC+ Far-Infrared Observations of the Magnetic Field Geometry in M51 and NGC 891
• From radio-quiet to radio-silent: low luminosity Seyfert radio cores
• Multiwavelength campaign on Mrk 509: Reverberation of the Fe Kalpha line
• Evidence for a milliparsec-separation Supermassive Binary Black Hole with quasar microlensing
• Constraints from dwarf galaxies on black hole seeding and growth models with current and future surveys
• Spectral properties of NGC 4151 and the Estimation of black hole mass using TCAF solution
• Optical Quasi-periodic Oscillations in the TESS light curves of three blazars
• What Powers the Most Relativistic Jets? I: BL Lacs
• Core shift in parabolic accelerating jets
• A novel Bayesian approach for decomposing the radio emission of quasars: I. Modelling the radio excess in red quasars
• A supercritical accretion disk with radiation-driven outflows
• On possible proxies of AGN light curves cadence selection in future time domain surveys
• Misclassified type 1 AGNs in the local universe
• X-ray spectral analysis of the low-luminosity active galactic nucleus NGC 7213 using long XMM-Newton observations
• Exploring the disc/jet interaction in the radio-loud quasar 4C +74.26 with Suzaku
• Combined Long and Short Timescale X-ray Variability of NGC4051 with RXTE and XMM-Newton
• An extreme, blueshifted iron line profile in the Narrow Line Seyfert 1 PG 1402+261; an edge-on accretion disk or highly ionized absorption?
• Mid-Infrared Selected Quasars I: Virial Black Hole Mass and Eddington Ratios
• A catalogue sample of low mass galaxies observed in X-rays with central candidate black holes
• Medium-resolution Optical and Near-Infrared Spectral Atlas of 16 2MASS-selected NIR-red Active Galactic Nuclei at $z\sim 0.3$
• Constraints on black hole massess with timescales of variations in blazars
• The effects of Time-Variable Absorption due to Gamma-Ray Bursts In Active Galactic Nuclei Accretion Disks
• Modeling active galactic nuclei: ongoing problems for the faint-end of the luminosity function
• XMM-Newton observations of warm absorbers in PG quasars
• Coronal properties of the Seyfert 1 galaxy 3C 120 with NuSTAR
• On the radio properties of the highest redshift quasars
• Multiwavelength Observations of Relativistic Jets from General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations
• A Multi-Wavelength Study of Multiple Spectral Component Jets in AGN: Testing the IC/CMB Model for the Large-Scale-Jet X-ray Emission
• A multi-frequency study of sub-parsec jets with the Event Horizon Telescope
• Dynamic changes of emitting electron distribution in the jet of 3C 279: signatures of acceleration and cooling
• Rapid X-ray Variability in Mkn 421 during a Multiwavelength Campaign
• A low-luminosity type-1 QSO sample: II. Tracing circumnuclear star formation in HE 1029-1831 with SINFONI
• Reverberation Mapping of PG 0934+013 with the Southern African Large Telescope
• X-ray timing and spectral analysis of reverberating active galactic nuclei
• Spectral index-mass accretion rate correlation and evaluation of black hole masses in AGNs 3C~454.3 and M87
• Modeling changing-look (CL) AGN phenomenon in 1D using accretion disk instabilities
• Kerr black holes and time profiles of gamma-ray bursts
• Quasistationary solutions of scalar fields around accreting black holes
• Rest-frame UV single-epoch black hole mass estimates of low-luminosity AGN at intermediate redshifts
• Selected Topics in Cosmic Ray Physics
• FRAMEx II: Simultaneous X-ray and Radio Variability in Active Galactic Nuclei $-$ The Case of NGC 2992
• The efficient low-mass Seyfert MCG-05-23-016
• Fourier-Resolved Spectroscopy of AGN using XMM-Newton data: I. The 3-10 keV band results
• X-ray variability analysis of a large series of XMM-Newton + NuSTAR observations of NGC 3227
• Predicting the broad lines polarization emitted by supermassive binary black holes
• The jets-accretion relation, mass-luminosity relation in Fermi blazars
• Jet/accretion and Unification for FSRQs/FRII and BL Lac objects/FRI radio galaxies
• The Mid-Infrared Narrow Line Baldwin Effect Revealed by Spitzer
• Coronal Properties of Low-Accreting AGNs using Swift, XMM-Newton and NuSTAR Observations
• Soft gamma-ray selected giant radio galaxies: an update
• Coevolution of broad emission lines and X-ray spectrum in changing-look AGNs
• A Wide and Deep Exploration of Radio Galaxies with Subaru HSC (WERGS). VII. Redshift Evolution of Radio Galaxy Environments at z=0.3-1.4
• Optical flux and spectral variability of BL Lacertae during its historical high outburst in 2020
• The molecular gas in the central region of NGC 7213
• Collisions among Clouds inside Dusty Torus in Active Galactic Nuclei: Observational Consequences
• Still alive and kicking: A significant outburst in changing-look AGN Mrk 1018
• SCAT Uncovers ATLAS's First Tidal Disruption Event ATLAS18mlw: A Faint and Fast TDE in a Quiescent Balmer Strong Galaxy
• Spectroscopic reverberation mapping of Quasar PKS 0736+017: Broad-Line Region and Black-hole Mass
• Hard - X-rays selected Active Galactic Nuclei. I. A radio view at high-frequencies
• B2 0954+25A: a typical Fermi blazar or a gamma-loud Narrow Line Seyfert 1
• Constraining the neutrino emission of gravitationally lensed Flat-Spectrum Radio Quasars with ANTARES data
• Probing Jet-Torus Interaction in the Radio Galaxy NGC 1052 by Sulfur-Bearing Molecules
• Dust Reverberation Mapping of Type 2 AGN NGC 2110 Realized with X-ray and 3-5 $\mu$m IR monitoring
• Isolated AGNs NGC 5347, ESO 438-009, MCG-02-04-090, and J11366-6002: Swift and NuSTAR joined view
• The putative center in NGC 1052
• Constraints on the radio loud/radio quiet dichotomy from the fundamental plane
• Insights Into AGN and Host Galaxy Co-evolution From Hard X-ray Emission
• Unveiling the 100 pc scale nuclear radio structure of NGC 6217 with e-MERLIN and the VLA
• Refining the mass estimate for the intermediate-mass black hole candidate in NGC 3319
• Complex optical/UV and X-ray variability in Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 509
• Multi-band Cross-correlated Radio Variability of the Blazar 3C 279
• NICER, NuSTAR, and Swift follow-up observations of the $\gamma$-ray flaring blazar BL Lacertae in 2020 August-October
• Exploring the Link between the X-ray Power Spectra and Energy Spectra of Active Galactic Nuclei
• Parabolic jet shape on parsec scales in high redshift AGN
• Far-Ultraviolet Spectroscopy Of Active Galactic Nuclei With AstroSat/UVIT
• An observational link between AGN Eddington ratio and [NII]λ6583/Ha at 0.6<z<1.7
• Deep VLBI Observations Challenge Previous Evidence of a Binary Supermassive Black Hole Residing in the Seyfert Galaxy NGC 7674
• Kinetic powers of the relativistic jets in Mrk 421 and Mrk 501
• Chandra observations and classification of AGN-candidates correlated with Auger UHECRs
• Correlations between $\gamma$-ray luminosity and magnetization of the jet as well as relativistic electron injection power:cases for Mrk 421, 3C 454.3 and 3C 279
• Long-term multiband optical variability of S5 0716+714 blazar
• Correlation between emission-line luminosity and gamma-ray dominance in the blazar 3C 279
• Radio-loudness of Active Galaxies and the Black Hole Evolution
• Deconvolving X-ray Spectral Variability Components in the Seyfert 1.5 NGC 3227
• The variable ionized absorber in the Seyfert 2 Mrk 348
• Long-term hard X-ray variability properties of Swift-BAT blazars
• AstroSat view of spectral transition in the changing-look active galaxy NGC1566 during the declining phase of the 2018 outburst
• Using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method to study the physical properties GeV-TeV BL Lac objects
• Investigating the Disk-Corona Relation in a Blue AGN Sample
• The extended narrow-line region of two type-I quasi-stellar objects
• Investigating Non-linear and Stochastic Hard X-ray Variability of Active Galactic Nuclei using Recurrence Analysis
• Mass Measurements of AGN from Multi-Lorentzian Models of X-ray Variability. I. Sampling Effects in Theoretical Models of the rms^2-M_BH Correlation
• Study of variability in long-term multiwavelength optical lightcurves of blazar AO 0235+164
• Interpreting MAD within multiple accretion regimes
• Linear analysis of the gravitational beam-plasma instability
• Radio Dichotomy in Quasars with H$\beta$ FWHM greater than $15,000$ km\,s${}^{-1}$
• Constraining Energy-dependent emissivity profiles of AGN inflows
• Cosmic-Ray Cooling in Active Galactic Nuclei as a New Probe of Inelastic Dark Matter
• The Complex X-ray Obscuration Environment in the Radio Loud Type 2 Quasar 3C 223
• A possible bias on the estimate of Lbol/Ledd in AGN as a function of luminosity and redshift
• Accretion in Strong Gravity: From Galactic to Supermassive Black Holes
• The Fundamental Plane of Quasars
• Hot graphite dust in the inner regime of NGC 4151
• Influence of Comptonization region over the ambiance of accretion disc in Active Galactic Nucleus
• Probing the Extent of Fe K$\alpha$ Emission in Nearby Active Galactic Nuclei using Multi-Order Analysis of Chandra High Energy Transmission Grating Data
• The Great Slump: Mrk926 reveals discrete and varying Balmer line satellite components during a drastic phase of decline
• Image Flux Ratios of Gravitationally Lensed HS 0810+2554 with High Resolution Infrared Imaging
• Broad Band X-ray Constraints on the Accreting Black Hole in Quasar 4C 74.26
• Brightness and colour variability in NLSy1s
• On the emitting region of X-ray fluorescent lines around Compton-thick AGN
• A Systematic Study of the Short-Term X-ray Variability of Seyfert Galaxies I. Diversity of the X-ray Rms Spectra
• X-ray absorption in Compton-thin AGN: the predictions of a model revisited
• Spatial variations of magnetic field along active galactic nuclei jets on sub-pc to Mpc scales
• Properties of Very Broad Line MgII Radio-Loud and Radio-Quiet Quasars
• Multiwavelength Analysis of a Nearby Heavily Obscured AGN in NGC 449
• Hydrogen Balmer Emission Lines and the Complex Broad Line Region Structure
• AGN dichotomy beyond radio loudness: a Gaussian Mixture Model analysis
• Jet formation studies in AGN: a search for new targets
• Jet physics of accreting super-massive black holes in the era of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
• Universal spectral shape of AGN with high accretion rate
• Multi-band optical variability on diverse timescales of blazar 1E 1458.8+2249
• Study of central intensity ratio of early-type galaxies from low density environment
• Supermassive black holes in radio-loud AGN
• The broad band SEDs of four 'hypervariable' AGN
• Association of Optical, Ultraviolet and Soft X-ray excess Emissions in AGNs
• A Panchromatic View of Relativistic Jets in Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies
• Multi-wavelength observations of the Blazar 4C +28.07
• Flavor Matters, but Matter Flavors: Matter Effects on Flavor Composition of Astrophysical Neutrinos
• Plausible Indication of Gamma-Ray Absorption by Dark Matter in NGC 1068
• New black hole mass calibrations and the fundamental plane of the broad-line region size, luminosity, and velocity
• Constraining dark photon parameters based on the very high energy observations of blazars
• Past, present and Future of the Scaling Relations of Galaxies and Active Galactic Nuclei
• DEIMOS Observations of WISE-Selected, Optically Obscured AGNs
• Adaptive optics imaging of the nuclei of Seyfert 2 galaxies: An unexpectedly high incidence of nuclear stellar rings
• Accretion rate in AGN and X-ray-to-optical flux ratio at z $\le$ 0.2
• Millimeter VLBI constraints on the central magnetic field and symmetric jet production in the twin-jet galaxy NGC 1052
• Evidence for a moderate spin from X-ray reflection of the high-mass supermassive black hole in the cluster-hosted quasar H1821+643
• H2 MAGIE: H2 as a Major Agent to Galaxy Interaction and Evolution
• A broadband X-ray study of a sample of AGNs with [OIII] measured inclinations
• Clustering and physical properties of AGN and Star-Forming Galaxies at fixed stellar mass: does assembly bias have a role in AGN activity?
• Search of Intermediate Mass Black Holes at Low Redshift with Intra-night Variability
• Thermal Comptonization in a changing corona in the changing-look active galaxy NGC 1566
• Beyond Sgr A* and M87*: Sub-Microarcsecond Black Hole Shadow Detection via Lunar-based Extremely Long Baseline Interferometry
• Accretion/Jet Activity and Narrow [O III] Kinematics in Young Radio Galaxies
• Multi-Band Optical Variability of Blazar 1ES 2344+514 on Diverse Time-Scales
• Quantifying Feedback from Narrow Line Region Outflows in Nearby Active Galaxies. IV. The Effects of Different Density Estimates on the Ionized Gas Masses and Outflow Rates