Multi-Band Optical Variability of Blazar 1ES 2344+514 on Diverse Time-Scales

Abstract

This study presents the results of multi-band observations from 2022 to 2024 and Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) observations from 2018 to 2023, examining the flux variability of the blazar 1ES 2344+514 on diverse time-scales in the optical bands. The blazar has mild short-term variability (STV) and long-term variability (LTV), with small amplitudes of $\sim 0.7$ mag and 0.4 mag for the host subtracted- and included-light curves, respectively. The power-enhanced F-test and the nested Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistical tests of the six intra-day light curves show that the blazar has no minute-scale variability. The multiband color behavior analysis revealed a moderate redder-when-brighter (RWB) trend on intra-day time scales, while the LTV shows no detectable color behavior. We found a strong correlation between the ZTF optical light curves without any time lag, but no detectable correlations for the optical band emissions. From our periodicity searches using WWZ and LS methods, three significant quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) signals in the ZTF light curves are found at about 1.02, 1.3, and 2.85 years. The observational results indicate that the blazar 1ES 2344+514 has a complex variability while emphasizing the need for future observations to unravel its underlying mechanisms.

arXiv comment18 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables. Published in "Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences" supported by Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University

References in corpus (49)

• Unified Schemes for Radio-Loud Active Galactic Nuclei
• The Spectral Energy Distribution of Fermi bright blazars
• AGN Black Hole Masses and Bolometric Luminosities
• A massive binary black-hole system in OJ287 and a test of general relativity
• Multi-Epoch VLBA Observations of EGRET-Detected Quasars and BL Lac Objects: Superluminal Motion of Gamma-Ray Bright Blazars
• Constraining Emission Models of Luminous Blazar Sources
• A systematic search for close supermassive black hole binaries in the Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey
• Optical and radio behaviour of the BL Lacertae object 0716+714
• Blazar spectral variability as explained by a twisting inhomogeneous jet
• Optical and radio variability of the BL Lac object AO 0235+16: a possible 5-6 year periodicity
• The unprecedented optical outburst of the quasar 3C 454.3. The WEBT campaign of 2004-2005
• The WEBT BL Lac Campaign 2000
• Discovery of >350 GeV Gamma Rays from the BL Lacertae Object 1ES 2344+514
• On the geometrical origin of periodicity in blazar-type sources
• Periodic Oscillations in the Intra-day Optical Light Curves of the Blazar S5 0716+714
• Optical Intra-day Variability in Blazars
• A model for periodic blazars
• Optical microvariability of EGRET blazars
• Detection of Possible Quasi-periodic Oscillations in the Long-term Optical Light Curve of the BL Lac Object OJ 287
• Kinematics of and emission from helically orbiting blobs in a relativistic magnetized jet
• A 34.5 day quasi-periodic oscillation in gamma-ray emission from the blazar PKS 2247-131
• The correlated optical and radio variability of BL Lacertae. WEBT data analysis 1994-2005
• Optical Flux and Spectral Variability of Blazars
• Intranight optical variability of Blazars
• The Unanticipated Phenomenology of the Blazar PKS~2131$-$021: A Unique Super-Massive Black Hole Binary Candidate
• Intra-night Optical Variability of Luminous Radio Quiet QSOs
• Observation of very high energy gamma-rays from the AGN 1ES 2344+514 in a low emission state with the MAGIC telescope
• Multi-band optical variability studies of BL Lacertae
• Detection of Exceptional X-Ray Spectral Variability in the TeV BL Lac 1ES 2344+514
• Gamma-ray and Optical Oscillations of 0716+714, MRK 421, and BL Lac
• Multi-band optical variability of three TeV Blazars on Diverse Timescales
• On the reliability of microvariability tests in quasars
• Nature of Intra-night Optical Variability of BL Lacertae
• The optical variability of flat-spectrum radio quasars in the SDSS stripe 82 region
• Transient Quasi-Periodic Oscillations at $\gamma$-rays in the TeV Blazar PKS 1510-089
• A Consolidated Framework of the Color Variability in Blazars: Long-Term Optical/Near-Infrared Observations of 3C 279
• Multiwavelength Observations of the VHE Blazar 1ES 2344+514
• Testing microvariability in quasar differential light curves using several field stars
• Short Term Flux and Colour Variations in Low-Energy Peaked Blazars
• Optical Flux and Spectral Variability of the TeV blazar PG 1553+113
• Multi-band optical variability of 3C 279 on diverse timescales
• Detection of a quasi-periodic oscillation in the optical light curve of the remarkable blazar AO 0235+164
• Multi-band behaviour of the TeV blazar PG 1553+113 in optical range on diverse timescales
• Very-High-Energy $\gamma$-Ray Observations of the Blazar 1ES 2344+514 with VERITAS
• Optical Quasi-periodic Oscillations in the TESS light curves of three blazars
• Detection of Quasi-Periodic Oscillations in the Blazar S4 0954+658 with TESS
• Optical Variability of Three Extreme TeV Blazars
• Characterizing the optical nature of the blazar S5 1803+784 during its 2020 flare
• Multicolour Optical Variability Monitoring of Blazars with High Time Resolution