Quantifying Feedback from Narrow Line Region Outflows in Nearby Active Galaxies. III. Results for the Seyfert 2 Galaxies Markarian 3, Markarian 78, and NGC 1068

Abstract

Outflows of ionized gas driven by active galactic nuclei (AGN) may significantly impact the evolution of their host galaxies. However, determining the energetics of these outflows is difficult with spatially unresolved observations that are subject to strong global selection effects. We present part of an ongoing study using Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and Apache Point Observatory (APO) spectroscopy and imaging to derive spatially-resolved mass outflow rates and energetics for narrow line region (NLR) outflows in nearby AGN that are based on multi-component photoionization models to account for spatial variations in the gas ionization, density, abundances, and dust content. This expanded analysis adds Mrk 3, Mrk 78, and NGC 1068, doubling the sample in Revalski (2019). We find that the outflows contain total ionized gas masses of $M\approx 10^{5.5}-10^{7.5}$ $M_{\odot }$ and reach peak velocities of $v\approx 800-2000$ km s${}^{-1}$. The outflows reach maximum mass outflow rates of ${\dot{M}}_{out}\approx 3-12$ $M_{\odot }$ yr${}^{-1}$ and encompass total kinetic energies of $E\approx 10^{54}-10^{56}$ erg. The outflows extend to radial distances of $r\approx 0.1-3$ kpc from the nucleus, with the gas masses, outflow energetics, and radial extents positively correlated with AGN luminosity. The outflow rates are consistent with in-situ ionization and acceleration where gas is radiatively driven at multiple radii. These radial variations indicate that spatially-resolved observations are essential for localizing AGN feedback and determining the most accurate outflow parameters.

Accepted for Publication in ApJ on January 12, 2021. The paper has 40 pages and 15 figures, with results tabulated in the Appendix. Version two includes minor corrections to match the journal publication

References in corpus (129)

• The chemical composition of the Sun
• The Global Schmidt Law in Star Forming Galaxies
• Coevolution (Or Not) of Supermassive Black Holes and Host Galaxies
• The Host Galaxies of AGN
• Energy input from quasars regulates the growth and activity of black holes and their host galaxies
• MultiNest: an efficient and robust Bayesian inference tool for cosmology and particle physics
• Theoretical Modeling of Starburst Galaxies
• The Host Galaxies and Classification of Active Galactic Nuclei
• Multimodal nested sampling: an efficient and robust alternative to MCMC methods for astronomical data analysis
• X-ray spectral modelling of the AGN obscuring region in the CDFS: Bayesian model selection and catalogue
• Cosmic-Ray Rejection by Laplacian Edge Detection
• The Co-Evolution of Galaxies and Supermassive Black Holes: Insights from Surveys of the Contemporary Universe
• Importance Nested Sampling and the MultiNest Algorithm
• Present-Day Growth of Black Holes and Bulges: the SDSS Perspective
• AGN Black Hole Masses and Bolometric Luminosities
• AGN wind scaling relations and the co-evolution of black holes and galaxies
• Black Holes in Galaxy Mergers: Evolution of Quasars
• Quasar Feedback: More Bang for Your Buck
• Molecular line emission in NGC1068 imaged with ALMA. I An AGN-driven outflow in the dense molecular gas
• Cool Outflows in Galaxies and their Implications
• Our Peculiar Motion Away from the Local Void
• Cooling flows and quasars: II. Detailed models of feedback modulated accretion flows
• AGN outflows and feedback twenty years on
• Determining Inclinations of Active Galactic Nuclei Via Their Narrow-Line Region Kinematics - I. Observational Results
• Cold Molecular Outflows in the Local Universe
• The soft X-ray/NLR connection: a single photoionized medium?
• Feedback in Luminous Obscured Quasars
• The KMOS^3D Survey: Demographics and Properties of Galactic Outflows at z = 0.6 - 2.7
• A Reverberation-Based Mass for the Central Black Hole in NGC 4151
• The Nuclear and Circum-nuclear Stellar Population in Seyfert 2 Galaxies: Implications for the Starburst-AGN Connection
• The WISSH Quasars Project I. Powerful ionised outflows in hyper-luminous quasars
• Suppressing star formation in quiescent galaxies with supermassive black hole winds
• Observations of Feedback from Radio-Quiet Quasars: I. Extents and Morphologies of Ionized Gas Nebulae
• Ionized outflows from active galactic nuclei as the essential elements of feedback
• Ejective and preventative: the IllustrisTNG black hole feedback and its effects on the thermodynamics of the gas within and around galaxies
• Feedback from Mass Outflows in Nearby Active Galactic Nuclei I. UV and X-ray Absorbers
• A Hubble Space Telescope Survey of Extended [OIII]5007A Emission in a Far-Infrared Selected Sample of Seyfert Galaxies: Results
• The Westerbork HI Survey of spiral and irregular galaxies III: HI observations of early-type disk galaxies
• The Many Routes to AGN Feedback
• Improved and Quality-assessed Emission and Absorption Line measurements in Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxies
• Observational Constraints on the Feeding of Supermassive Black Holes
• Linking Macro, Meso, and Micro Scales in Multiphase AGN Feeding and Feedback
• A combined Optical and X-ray Spectra Study for Type 1 AGN. III. Broadband SED Properties
• Feeding versus Feedback in NGC4151 probed with Gemini NIFS. II. Kinematics
• Molecular outflows in local galaxies: Method comparison and a role of intermittent AGN driving
• Kinematics of the Narrow-Line Region in the Seyfert 2 Galaxy NGC 1068: Dynamical Effects of the Radio Jet
• Ionized outflows in local luminous AGN: what are the real densities and outflow rates?
• Mapping the Kinematics of the Narrow-Line Region in the Seyfert Galaxy NGC 4151
• The MAGNUM survey: different gas properties in the outflowing and disk components in nearby active galaxies with MUSE
• Chemical Abundance Calibrations for the Narrow-Line-Region of Active Galaxies
• Radial Velocity Offsets Due to Mass Outflows and Extinction in Active Galactic Nuclei
• SUPER-II: Spatially resolved ionized gas kinematics and scaling relations in z~2 AGN host galaxies
• MAGNUM survey: A MUSE-Chandra resolved view on ionized outflows and photoionization in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1365
• Widespread QSO-driven outflows in the early Universe
• Discovering AGN-driven winds through their infrared emission: II. Mass outflow rate and energetics
• Theoretical ISM pressure and electron density diagnostics for local and high-redshift galaxies
• Hubble Space Telescope Observations of Extended [O III] λ5007 Emission in Nearby QSO2s: New Constraints On AGN / Host Galaxy Interaction
• The multiphase gas structure and kinematics in the circumnuclear region of NGC 5728
• Spectral Energy Distributions of Seyfert Nuclei
• Spatially resolved electron density in the Narrow Line Region of z<0.02 radio AGNs
• Galaxies hosting an AGN: a view from the CALIFA survey
• Resolved Spectra of the Narrow-Line Region in NGC 1068. III. Physical Conditions in the Emission-Line Gas
• Quantifying Feedback from Narrow Line Region Outflows in Nearby Active Galaxies. I. Spatially Resolved Mass Outflow Rates for the Seyfert 2 Galaxy Markarian 573
• Quantifying the AGN-driven outflows in ULIRGs (QUADROS) I: VLT/Xshooter observations of 9 nearby objects
• Ionised gas outflow signatures in SDSS-IV MaNGA active galactic nuclei
• The Spectral Energy Distribution of Normal, Starburst and Active Galaxies
• An X-ray/SDSS sample (I): multi-phase outflow incidence and dependence on AGN luminosity
• LLAMA: Normal star formation efficiencies of molecular gas in the centres of luminous Seyfert galaxies
• NuSTAR unveils a Compton-thick Type 2 quasar in Mrk 34
• The MOSDEF survey: a census of AGN-driven ionized outflows at $z=1.4-3.8$
• Gemini Near Infrared Field Spectrograph Observations of the Seyfert 2 Galaxy Mrk 573: In Situ Acceleration of Ionized and Molecular Gas Off Fueling Flows
• Resolved Spectroscopy of the Narrow-Line Region in NGC 1068. II. Physical Conditions Near the NGC 1068 ``Hot-Spot''
• Observing positive and negative AGN feedback
• The Limited Impact of Outflows: Integral-Field Spectroscopy of 20 Local AGNs
• A Deep Chandra ACIS Study of NGC 4151. III. the Line Emission and Spectral Analysis of the Ionization Cone
• HST Observations of the Double-Peaked Emission Lines in the Seyfert Galaxy Markarian 78: Mass Outflows from a Single AGN
• STIS Longslit Spectroscopy of the Narrow-Line Region of NGC 4151. II. Physical Conditions along Position Angle 221 Degress
• Gemini Long-slit Observations of Luminous Obscured Quasars: Further Evidence for an Upper Limit on the Size of the Narrow-Line Region
• A Deep Chandra ACIS Study of NGC 4151. II. The Innermost Emission Line Region and Strong Evidence for Radio Jet-NLR Cloud Collision
• Multi-phase feedback processes in the Sy2 galaxy NGC 5643
• Chemical abundances of Seyfert 2 AGNs-III. Reducing the oxygen abundance discrepancy
• Kinematics of the Narrow-Line Region in the Seyfert 2 Galaxy Mrk 3
• Modeling the [Fe II]λ1.644μm outflow and comparison with H${}_2$ and H${}^{+}$ kinematics in the inner 200 pc of NGC 1068
• Quantifying Feedback from Narrow Line Region Outflows in Nearby Active Galaxies. II. Spatially Resolved Mass Outflow Rates for the QSO2 Markarian 34
• Unravelling the complex structure of AGN-driven outflows III. The outflow size-luminosity relation
• The Interplay Between Star Formation and Black Hole Accretion in Nearby Active Galaxies
• Feedback from Mass Outflows in Nearby Active Galactic Nuclei. II. Outflows in the Narrow-Line Region of NGC 4151
• An accreting supermassive black hole irradiating molecular gas in NGC 2110
• The Cepheid Distance to the Seyfert 1 Galaxy NGC 4151
• The Geometry of Mass Outflows and Fueling Flows in the Seyfert 2 Galaxy Mrk 3
• A Deep Chandra ACIS Study of NGC 4151. I. the X-ray Morphology of the 3 kpc-diameter Circum-nuclear Region and Relation to the Cold Interstellar Medium
• The prevalence and properties of cold gas inflows and outflows around galaxies in the local Universe
• Unravelling the complex structure of AGN-driven outflows: II. Photoionization and energetics
• Jet directions in Seyfert galaxies: B and I imaging data
• Demystifying the coronal line region of active galactic nuclei: spatially resolved spectroscopy with HST
• Hyper-Eddington accretion flows onto black holes accompanied by powerful outflows
• Bipolar ionization cones in the Extended Narrow-Line Region of nearby QSO2s
• The AGN Ionization Cones of NGC 5728 : I - Excitation and Nuclear Structure
• BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey -- XIX: Type 1 versus Type 2 AGN dichotomy from the point of view of ionized outflows
• High resolution X-ray spectroscopy and imaging of Mrk573
• Determining Inclinations of Active Galactic Nuclei Via Their Narrow-Line Region Kinematics - II. Correlation With Observed Properties
• A two-stage outflow in NGC 1068
• Multi-phase outflows in post starburst E+A galaxies -- II. A direct connection between the neutral and ionized outflow phases
• CHEERS Results from NGC 3393, II: Investigating the Extended Narrow Line Region using Deep Chandra Observations and Hubble Narrow Line Imaging
• CHEERS Results from NGC 3393, III: Chandra X-ray Spectroscopy of the Narrow Line Region
• Resolved Spectroscopy of the Narrow-Line Region in NGC 1068. I. The Nature of the Continuum Emission
• The spatial extension of extended narrow line regions in MaNGA AGN
• Imaging Extended Emission-Line Regions of Obscured AGN with the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey
• Physical Conditions in the Narrow-Line Region of Markarian 3. II. Photoionization Modeling Results
• Hubble Space Telescope Observations of [O~III] Emission in Nearby QSO2s: Physical Properties of the Ionised Outflows
• Mapping Seyfert and LINER Excitation Modes in the Inner kpc of NGC 3393
• Mass Outflow of the X-ray Emission Line Gas in NGC 4151
• Suppressed star formation in circumnuclear regions in Seyfert galaxies
• The Narrow Line Region of the Seyfert 2 galaxy Mrk 78. An infrared view
• Physical Conditions in the Narrow-Line Region of Markarian 3. I. Observational Results
• Physical Conditions in the X-ray Emission-line Gas in NGC 1068
• Significant Suppression of Star Formation in Radio-Quiet AGN Host Galaxies with Kiloparsec-Scale Radio Structures
• The soft X-ray and narrow-line emission of Mrk573 on kiloparcec scales
• The AGN Ionization Cones of NGC 5728 : II - Kinematics
• Gemini Near-Infrared Field Spectrograph Observations of the Seyfert 2 Galaxy Mrk 3: Feeding and Feedback on Galactic and Nuclear Scales
• The nuclear architecture of NGC 4151: on the path toward a universal outflow mechanism in light of NGC 1068
• Probing the hot X-ray gas in the narrow-line region of Mrk 3
• Spatially resolved BPT mapping of nearby Seyfert 2 galaxies
• The complex multi-component outflow of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 7130
• The Activation of Galactic Nuclei and Their Accretion Rates are Linked to the Star Formation Rates and Bulge-types of Their Host Galaxies
• A systematic observational study of radio properties of H2O megamaser Seyfert-2 galaxies
• Radiation-driven outflows in AGNs: Revisiting feedback effects of scattered and reprocessed photons
• Near-infrared spectra of Seyfert galaxies and line production mechanisms
• Extended ionized-gas structures in Seyfert 2 galaxy Mrk 78

Cited by in corpus (25)

• Complex AGN feedback in the Teacup galaxy. A powerful ionised galactic outflow, jet-ISM interaction, and evidence for AGN-triggered star formation in a giant bubble
• The AGNIFS survey: spatially resolved observations of hot molecular and ionised outflows in nearby active galaxies
• Gauging the effect of Supermassive Black Holes feedback on Quasar host galaxies
• A Global Inventory of Feedback
• Chemical abundances in Seyfert galaxies -IX. Helium abundance estimates
• Investigating the Narrow Line Region Dynamics in Nearby Active Galaxies
• The Quasar Feedback Survey: Revealing the Interplay of Jets, Winds & Emission Line Gas in Type 2 Quasars with Radio Polarization
• No Small Scale Radio Jets Here: Multi-Epoch Observations of Radio Continuum Structures in NGC 1068 with the VLBA
• Outflow densities and ionisation mechanisms in the NLRs of the prototypical Seyfert galaxies NGC 1068 and NGC 4151
• The Properties of Low-Redshift FeLoBAL Quasars: III. The Location and Geometry of the Outflows
• A search for ionised gas outflows in an Halpha imaging atlas of nearby LINERs
• Chemical abundances in Seyfert galaxies X. Sulphur abundance estimates
• Electron temperature fluctuations in Seyfert galaxies
• Constraints on the densities and temperature of Seyfert 2 NLR
• Feedback and dynamical masses in high-$z$ galaxies: the advent of high-resolution NIRSpec spectroscopy
• Hubble Space Telescope [O III] Emission-Line Kinematics in Two Nearby QSO2s: A Case for X-ray Feedback
• Chemical abundances in Seyfert galaxies -- VIII. Argon abundance estimates
• NGC 6860, Mrk 915 and MCG -01-24-012. I. Spatial anti-correlation between cold molecular and ionized gas distributions in Seyfert galaxies
• The Shape of AGN-Driven Winds in the Seyfert Galaxy NGC 3516
• Chemical abundances in Seyfert galaxies VI. Empirical abundance calibration
• Fast Outflowing Warm Absorbers in Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy PG 1001+054 Revealed by HST/COS Spectra
• Chemical abundances in Seyfert galaxies -- VII. Direct abundance determination of neon based on optical and infrared emission lines
• Termination Shocks and the Extended X-ray Emission in MRK 78
• Quantifying Feedback from Narrow Line Region Outflows in Nearby Active Galaxies. IV. The Effects of Different Density Estimates on the Ionized Gas Masses and Outflow Rates
• Ionized Gas Outflows and Shock-Heated Emission in the Highly Inclined Active Galaxy CGCG 012-070