Multiwavelength search for the origin of IceCube's neutrinos

Abstract

The origin of astrophysical high-energy neutrinos detected by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory remains a mystery to be solved. In this paper we search for neutrino source candidates within the $90$% containment area of $70$ track-type neutrino events recorded by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. By employing the Fermi-LAT 4FGL-DR2, the Swift-XRT 2SXPS and the CRATES catalogs, we identify possible gamma, X-ray and flat-spectrum radio candidate sources of track-type neutrinos. We find that based on the brightness of sources and their spatial correlation with the track-type IceCube neutrinos, the constructed neutrino samples represent special populations of sources taken from the full Fermi-LAT 4FGL-DR2/Swift-XRT 2SXPS/CRATES catalogs with similar significance ($2.1\sigma$, $1.2\sigma$, $2\sigma$ at $4.8\mathrm{GHz}$, $2.1\sigma$ at $8.4\mathrm{GHz}$, respectively, assuming 50% astrophysical signalness). After collecting redshifts and deriving sub-samples of the CRATES catalog complete in the redshift--luminosity plane, we find that the 4.8 GHz ($8.4$~GHz) sub-sample can explain between 4% and 53% ($3$% and $42$%) of the neutrinos (90% C.L.), when the probability to detect a neutrino is proportional to the ($k$-corrected) radio flux. The overfluctuations indicate that a part of the sample is likely to contribute and that more sophisticated schemes in the source catalog selection are necessary to identify the neutrino sources at the $5\sigma$ level. Our selection serves as a starting point to further select the correct sources.

17 pages, 8 figures, 4 tables. Accepted to ApJ

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Cited by in corpus (16)

• Growing evidence for high-energy neutrinos originating in radio blazars
• Galactic contribution to the high-energy neutrino flux found in track-like IceCube events
• High-energy neutrino-induced cascade from the direction of the flaring radio blazar TXS 0506+056 observed by Baikal-GVD in 2021
• High-Energy Neutrinos from Gamma-Ray-Faint Accretion-Powered Hypernebulae
• Searches for neutrinos in the direction of radio-bright blazars with the ANTARES telescope
• Neutrino flares of radio blazars observed from TeV to PeV
• Association of the IceCube neutrinos with blazars in the CGRaBS sample
• The origin of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos: new results and prospects
• Probing the connection between IceCube neutrinos and MOJAVE AGN
• Neutrino production in blazar radio cores
• Searching for temporary gamma-ray dark blazars associated with IceCube neutrinos
• Hard X-ray emission from blazars associated with high-energy neutrinos
• VLBI Analysis of a Potential High-Energy Neutrino Emitter Blazar
• An isotropic full-sky sample of optically selected blazars
• The physical properties of candidate neutrino-emitter blazars
• Optimizing the hunt for extraterrestrial high-energy neutrino counterparts