Constraints on flavour-dependent long-range forces from atmospheric neutrino observations at Super-Kamiokande

Abstract

In the minimal standard model it is possible to gauge any one of the following global symmetries in an anomaly free way: (i)$L_e-L_{\mu }$, (ii) $L_e-L_{\tau }$ or (iii) $L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }$. If the gauge boson corresponding to (i) or (ii) is (nearly) massless then it will show up as a long range composition dependent fifth force between macroscopic objects. Such a force will also influence neutrino oscillations due to its flavour-dependence. We show that the latter effect is quite significant in spite of very strong constraints on the relevant gauge couplings from the fifth force experiments. In particular, the $L_e-L_{\mu ,\tau }$ potential of the electrons in the Sun and the earth is shown to suppress the atmospheric neutrino ${\nu }_{\mu }\to {\nu }_{\tau }$ oscillations which have been observed at Super-Kamiokande. The Super-K data of oscillation of multi-GeV atmospheric neutrinos can be used to put an upper bound on coupling ${\alpha }_{e\tau }<6.4\times 10^{-52}$ and ${\alpha }_{e\mu }<5.5\times 10^{-52}$at 90% CL when the range of the force is the earth-sun distance. This is an improvement by two orders on the earlier fifth force bounds in this range.

5 pages Latex, 3 figures

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