Dark matter with excitable levels

Abstract

This paper explores the possibility that dark matter particles are objects with a set of excitable levels, as for a string or drum. A change in excitation is associated with the absorption or emission of a photon, and the probability of such a change is dependent on the ambient photon energy density. Particle mass comes entirely from excitations. Such dark matter with excitable levels, or DMWEL, particles have a distribution of masses which freezes out to its present-day form during the early universe. In the particular model considered, consistency with Planck CMB anisotropy observations implies a cautious lower bound on the energy of the first excitable level of 2 to 200 eV for a set of reference parameters. While laboratory detection looks to require a considerable increase in the power of controlled light-sources, it might be possible in the near future to detect or constrain DMWEL further through improved anisotropy observations, closer determination of the CMB's maximum deviation from a blackbody shape, or from gravitational probes of the dark matter power spectrum. For certain parameters near to the boundary of the region allowed by CMB anisotropies, DMWEL dark matter is cold, but with a cut-off halo mass many orders of magnitude greater than that typical for WIMP cold dark matter.

25 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables. V3 has minor improvements to the Introduction and Discussion. Mathematica and Python code available at https://github.com/andrewwren/dmwel

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